Pulmonary disease caused by Candida species

Masur, Henry; Rosen, Peter; Armstrong, Donald

doi:10.1016/0002-9343(77)90546-0

Cited by 138 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…We elected to test DNA extraction in spiked bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid because BAL fluid is the specimen most commonly subjected to fungal PCR at our institution and has been shown to contain PCR inhibitors. Although Aspergillus fumigatus is a common cause of pneumonia in immunocompromised patients, pneumonia due to Candida albicans is much less common (4,11,12). The inoculation of BAL fluid with known numbers of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia or Candida albicans yeast cells allows one to test DNA extraction methods using well-defined numbers of fungal propagules.…”

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confidence: 99%

Comparison of Six DNA Extraction Methods for Recovery of Fungal DNA as Assessed by Quantitative PCR

2005

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The detection of fungal pathogens in clinical samples by PCR requires the use of extraction methods that efficiently lyse fungal cells and recover DNA suitable for amplification. We used quantitative PCR assays to measure the recovery of DNA from two important fungal pathogens subjected to six DNA extraction methods. Aspergillus fumigatus conidia or Candida albicans yeast cells were added to bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and subjected to DNA extraction in order to assess the recovery of DNA from a defined number of fungal propagules. In order to simulate hyphal growth in tissue, Aspergillus fumigatus conidia were allowed to form mycelia in tissue culture media and then harvested for DNA extraction. Differences among the DNA yields from the six extraction methods were highly significant (P < 0.0001) in each of the three experimental systems. An extraction method based on enzymatic lysis of fungal cell walls (yeast cell lysis plus the use of GNOME kits) produced high levels of fungal DNA with Candida albicans but low levels of fungal DNA with Aspergillus fumigatus conidia or hyphae. Extraction methods employing mechanical agitation with beads produced the highest yields with Aspergillus hyphae. The MasterPure yeast method produced high levels of DNA from C. albicans but only moderate yields from A. fumigatus. A reagent from one extraction method was contaminated with fungal DNA, including DNA from Aspergillus and Candida species. In conclusion, the six extraction methods produce markedly differing yields of fungal DNA and thus can significantly affect the results of fungal PCR assays. No single extraction method was optimal for all organisms.Noncultivation methods are increasingly being used to overcome the poor diagnostic sensitivities and long turnaround times associated with the detection and identification of fungal pathogens in clinical samples by cultivation. One of these cultivation-independent methods is real-time PCR, which can rapidly detect and quantify fungal nucleic acid sequences in human tissue samples. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays have detection thresholds that approach single-molecule sensitivity, and thus, little additional assay sensitivity can be achieved in the PCR itself by techniques such as targeting genes with multiple copies per fungal genome or increasing the total amount of DNA tested. The ultimate sensitivity of any PCR assay for the detection of fungal pathogens depends on the efficient lysis of fungal cells in the tissue sample and the purification of DNA that is free of PCR inhibitors. Fungi have cell walls that impede lysis and the recovery of nucleic acids. Few studies have focused on the critical DNA extraction stage of sample processing, in contrast to the multitude of studies on fungal PCR assay methods. Furthermore, highly sensitive and specific nucleic acid-based methods for the detection of fungi necessitate the use of DNA extraction reagents that are free of contaminating fungal nucleic acids.We sought to compare DNA extraction methods by using qPCR to measure th...

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Comparison of Six DNA Extraction Methods for Recovery of Fungal DNA as Assessed by Quantitative PCR

2005

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“…Фактически выделение Candida в бронхиальном секрете в большинстве случаев не имеет клинического значения. Редко встречаются 2 формы пневмонии, вызванной Candida [266,267]: первичная пневмония в результате аспирации оро фарингеального секрета, контаминированного Can dida [268], и вторичная пневмония при гематогенной диссеминации кандидоза, особенно у иммуноском прометированных больных [269,270]. Вторая форма встречается чаще.…”

Section: пневмония вызванная Candidaunclassified

Treatment of fungal infections in adult pulmonary and critical care patients

Лимпер¹,

Нокс²,

Сарози³

et al. 2011

Pulʹmonologiâ (Mosk.)

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“…Nonspecific skin lesions, usually firm nodules, are suggestive but occur in less than 10% of neutropenic patients with disseminated disease. Pulmonary candidosis without evidence of other systemic candidal infection is extremely rare, although incidentally lung abscesses and bronchopneumonia have been reported [24]. C. glabrata apparently causing pneumonia has been reported in patients with longstanding intravenous catheters who were treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics after cytotoxic chemotherapy and long-term corticosteroid therapy [25].…”

Section: Invasive Candidiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Challenge of Invasive Fungal Infection

Pauw

Meunier²

1999

Chemotherapy

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Systemic fungal infections cause almost 25% of the infection-related deaths in leukaemic patients. Particularly those with prolonged neutropenia are at risk but mycoses also feature in critically ill intensive care patients and in individuals who are treated for solid tumours and AIDS, or who received an organ transplant. The spread of AIDS and the more aggressive cytotoxic chemotherapy in combination with an improved management of haemorrhages and bacterial infections in leukaemic and other cancer patients facilitated the occurrence of these invasive fungal infections. These life-threatening complications remain both difficult to diagnose and to treat and therefore carry a poor prognosis. For many years, the only realistic option to treat systemic infections was amphotericin B, whose administration was known to be associated with numerous adverse effects. Now less toxic formulations of amphotericin have become available for clinical use, as well as several new triazoles that appear to provide an effective and less toxic alternative for the treatment of certain fungal infections.

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Pulmonary disease caused by Candida species

Cited by 138 publications

References 46 publications

Comparison of Six DNA Extraction Methods for Recovery of Fungal DNA as Assessed by Quantitative PCR

Comparison of Six DNA Extraction Methods for Recovery of Fungal DNA as Assessed by Quantitative PCR

Treatment of fungal infections in adult pulmonary and critical care patients

The Challenge of Invasive Fungal Infection

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