Pulmonary circulation—vertebral venous interconnections in the chicken

Burger, Ray E.; Estavillo, J.A.

doi:10.1002/ar.1091880105

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The last vessel establishes a link between the renal and the hepatic portal systems. The caudal branch of the renal portal vein is usually also connected with the vertebral venous sinuses (Sperber 1948a, Burger andEstavillo 1977). The renal portal vein branches into the cranial, middle and caudal divisions (Goodchild 1926) of the kidney and terminates in the peritubular (intertubular) network of capillary sinuses, where it mixes with the postglomerular (arterial) blood (Sperber I948 a).…”

Section: Nirorcscein Aenogrcip1ivmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood flow distribution in the renal portal system of the intact hen. A study of a venous system using microspheres

Odlind¹

1978

Acta Physiologica Scandinavica

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The blood flow in the renal portal system of intact hens was characterized by determining the fractional distribution of 15 microns and 50 microns microspheres in this system after injection into a leg vein. Validation tests showed that only 50 microns spheres gave reliable estimation of this distribution. The blood flow in the coccy-geomesenteric vein was directed towards the liver in nearly all cases. On the average 44, 47 and 8% of the portal blood from the external iliac vein perfused the ipsilateral kidney, the liver and the lungs, respectively. However, the distribution of portal blood to these organs varied considerably between individuals and changed appreciably within 35 min in half the animals studied. The reason for these variations is not clear. The portal blood from the right and left external iliac veins was asymmetrically distributed in most animals illustrating the importance of local factors in its regulation. Variation was great in the regional distribution of portal blood within the kidney possibly due to local vasoconstriction of portal vessels. Further information e.g. on the regulation of renal portal blood flow is needed to explain its physiological significance. Microspheres provide a convenient method for such studies. A combination of microsphere and Sperber techniques allows us to determine the renal excretion efficiency of a given substance.

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Section: Nirorcscein Aenogrcip1ivmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood flow distribution in the renal portal system of the intact hen. A study of a venous system using microspheres

Odlind¹

1978

Acta Physiologica Scandinavica

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“…Pulmonary arterial ligation during lung ventilation with nitrogen/CO 2 gas mixtures does not alter IPC discharge rates during 10 min of anoxic exposure (21). However, these experiments may not have produced complete pulmonary anoxia, because the vertebral venous circulation can provide systemic blood flow to the avian lung independent of the pulmonary circulation (9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 89%

Effects of aerobic and anaerobic metabolic inhibitors on avian intrapulmonary chemoreceptors

Pilarski¹,

Solomon²,

Kilgore³

et al. 2009

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Birds have rapidly responding respiratory chemoreceptors [intrapulmonary chemoreceptors (IPC)] that provide vagal sensory feedback about breathing pattern. IPC are exquisitely sensitive to CO(2) but are unaffected by hypoxia. IPC continue to respond to CO(2) during hypoxic and even anoxic conditions, suggesting that they may generate ATP needed for signal transduction anaerobically. To assess IPC energy metabolism, single-cell action potential discharge and acid-base status were recorded from 26 pentobarbital-anesthetized Anas platyrhynchos before and after intravenous infusion of the glycolytic blocker iodoacetate (10-70 mg/kg), mitochondrial blocker rotenone (2 mg/kg), and/or mitochondrial uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol (5-15 mg/kg). After 5 min exposure at the highest dosages, iodoacetate inhibited IPC discharge 65% (15.9 +/- 0.3 s(-1) to 5.5 +/- 0.3 s(-1), P < 0.05), rotenone inhibited discharge 80% (12.9 +/- 0.5 s(-1) to 2.6 +/- 0.6 s(-1), P < 0.05), and 2,4-dinitrophenol inhibited discharge 19% (14.0 +/- 0.3 s(-1) to 11.3 +/- 0.3 s(-1), P < 0.05). These results suggest that IPC utilize glucose, require an intact glycolytic pathway, and metabolize the products of glycolysis to CO(2) and H(2)O by mitochondrial respiration. The small but significant effect of 2,4-dinitrophenol suggests that ATP production by glycolysis may be sufficient to meet IPC energy demands if NADH can be oxidized to NAD experimentally by uncoupling mitochondria, or physiologically by transient lactate production. A model for IPC spike frequency adaptation is proposed, whereby the rapid onset of phasic IPC discharge requires ATP from anaerobic glycolysis, using lactate as the electron acceptor, and the roll-off in IPC discharge reflects transient acidosis due to intracellular lactic acid accumulation.

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“…All these studies were made in adult birds by introducing wax or resin through the trachea to obtain a cast of the bronchial system. 0 1992 WILEY-LISS, INC Concerning the pulmonary vasculature, the majority of studies dealt with the pulmonary microvasculature (Burger and Estavillo, 1977;West et al, 1977;Maina, 1982;Maina and King, 1982). To our knowledge, there are only a few studies describing the major blood vessels of the avian lung (Abdalla and King, 1975a, 1975b, 1976.…”

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confidence: 99%

Anatomical study of the bronchial system and major blood vessels of the chicken lung (Gallus gallus) by means of a three‐dimensional scale model

1992

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The bronchial and vascular patterns of the chicken lung, from specimens age 8-10 days, have been studied by serial, paraffin sections of the whole organ. According to the histological structure, the bronchial system consists of three airway types: primary bronchus or mesobronchus, secondary bronchi, and tertiary bronchi or parabronchi. The mesobronchus gives rise to three sets of secondary bronchi: four dorsomedial, four dorsal, and three lateral ones. The total number of secondary bronchi is 11, which is less than the number reported in adult birds by other authors until now. Nevertheless, the number and distribution of the major vessels, arteries and veins are in basic agreement with previous descriptions.

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Pulmonary circulation—vertebral venous interconnections in the chicken

Cited by 11 publications

References 5 publications

Blood flow distribution in the renal portal system of the intact hen. A study of a venous system using microspheres

Blood flow distribution in the renal portal system of the intact hen. A study of a venous system using microspheres

Effects of aerobic and anaerobic metabolic inhibitors on avian intrapulmonary chemoreceptors

Anatomical study of the bronchial system and major blood vessels of the chicken lung (Gallus gallus) by means of a three‐dimensional scale model

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