Pulmonary cell reactions after exposure to cotton dust extract

Rylander, Ragnar; Nordstrand, Annie

doi:10.1136/oem.31.3.220

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Increased numbers of granulocytes have been seen in the alveoli of mice 2 and 4 h after exposure to aerosols of Escherichia coli and K. pneumoniae, though not after exposure to S. aureus (37). Further, granulocytes have been recovered in lung lavage fluid from animals that had been exposed to aerosols of gram-negative bacilli (38,39). A brisk granulocyte recruitment to alveolar spaces may be easily visualized when one considers that approximately half of the body's store of granulocytes is sequestered in the marginal granulocyte pool (40).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Early bacterial clearance from murine lungs. Species-dependent phagocyte response.

Rehm¹,

Gross²,

Pierce³

1980

J. Clin. Invest.

121

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Early bacterial clearance from murine lungs. Species-dependent phagocyte response.

Rehm¹,

Gross²,

Pierce³

1980

J. Clin. Invest.

121

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“…Acute exposure to water extracts of bale cotton, bract or a bract aerosol will cause an increase in the number of PMN in the airways of animals a few hours after exposure (Rylander and Nordstrand, 1974). During a three-week exposure the number of PMN remained high but then fell within a few days of cessation of exposure (Rylander et al, 1975).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial contamination of cotton as an indicator of respiratory effects among card room workers.

Rylander¹,

Imbus²,

Suh³

1979

Occupational and Environmental Medicine

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The influence of the bacterial contamination of cotton dust on the development of pulmonary symptoms has been investigated. The pulmonary function of card room workers in 23 US cotton mills was tested before and after the Monday working shift. A significant relation was found between the AFEV1.O decrement and the vertical elutriator dust level in the different mills. An improved correlation was obtained when the number of Gram-negative bacteria cultured from the bale cotton used in the different mills was employed in the exposure description. The results support earlier epidemiological and experimental studies, which demonstrate the importance of the Gramnegative bacteria in the development of pulmonary symptoms among workers in cotton mills.Several research workers have investigated the importance of the bacterial contamination of cotton dust in the development of pulmonary symptoms. Schneiter et al. (1942) cultured bacteria from samples of different cotton products in various mills and reported that the samples contained Gram-negative bacteria. An endotoxin-like substance was demonstrated in filtrates from saline extracts of stained cotton. Pernis et al. (1961) and Cavagna et al. (1969) suggested bacterial endotoxins as the causative agent in occupational disease arising from the inhalation of vegetable dusts, particularly dust from cotton.A close correlation between the number of Gramnegative bacteria in the air and the prevalence of byssinotic symptoms has been demonstrated in a questionnaire study of card room workers (Cinkotai etal., 1977).The present study was undertaken to investigate whether the bacterial contamination of bale cotton in different cotton mills could serve as an indicator of the extent of pulmonary reactions among people working in the card rooms. The number of bacteria was determined by culturing samples of the bale cotton used in the different mills. The prevalence of pulmonary reaction was evaluated by determining the one-second forced expiratory volume (FEV,.o FEV1.o (ml/s). Standardisation of spirometers was accomplished with a 1000 ml syringe using a three-way valve to inject 1000 ml increments of air into the spirometer. The workers were tested before reporting to work at the beginning of the shift on the first day of the week and retested approximately 6 h after the beginning of the shift. At In the analysis of the data the relationship between the AFEVi.o value and the level of exposure to airborne dust and bacteria in the bale cotton was calculated.Because the data on the bacterial contamination of the bale cotton were not a direct measure of the exposure dose, three models to describe the relationship between bale cotton bacteria and airborne bacteria were tested. In these models the number of bacteria in the cotton, the dust level and the blending ratio were combined to make up the independent variables.Weighted and unweighted regression analyses were performed for each of the three models proposed. Several algebraic transformations and linear and quadratic func...

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“…This hypothesis was rejected by Antweiler (1961) and results from in vivo and in vitro experiments reported by Tuffnell (1960) did not incriminate bacteria in the development of pulmonary symptoms. In animals, acute or chronic exposure to water extracts of bale cotton, bract or a bract aerosol will cause an increase in the number of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) in the airways a few hours after exposure (Rylander and Nordstrand, 1974). This increase reaches a peak at 24 hours after exposure, with a subsequent decline in PMN.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial contamination of cotton and cotton dust and effects on the lung.

Rylander¹,

Lundholm²

1978

Occupational and Environmental Medicine

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Bacterial contamination of various parts of the cotton plant and of cotton from different mills was investigated. The predominant bacterial species were Gram-negative rods mainly of the Enterobacter genus. When guinea pigs inhaled strains of these bacteria cultivated from cotton, a strong leucocyte mobilising capacity was found for Pseudomonas and Enterobacter but not for Agrobacterium or Bacillus species. The aetiology of the development of pulmonary symptoms after inhalation of bacteria-containing dusts and subsequent production of endotoxins is discussed.The presence of airborne Gram-negative bacteria in cotton mills was first reported by a commission investigating working conditions in cotton mills in Great Britain (Home Office, 1932 (Rylander and Snella, 1976). The leucocyte mobilising reaction occurs in several different animal species (Walker et al., 1975) and in man (Merchant et al., 1975). A close correlation was found between the number of airborne Gram-negative bacteria and the prevalence of byssinosis in an epidemiological study in different cotton mills (Cinkotai et al., 1977).In view of the apparent importance of the bacterial contamination of cotton in the development of pulmonary symptoms, the bacteria on different cotton plants and bale cotton were studied. The number of viable bacteria and the species were determined. The reactions after acute exposure to bacteria typically found on cotton were studied in animal experiments. Materials and methods BACTERIAL CULTURE OF COTTONSamples of cotton plants, bale cotton and cotton from blending machines, card rooms and waste from cards were collected from different cotton mills. One gram of the sample was suspended in 10 ml 0 9 % NaCl and shaken vigorously. The liquid was squeezed out of the sample, then put back and shaken again. Serial dilutions of the extracts were plated on nutrient agar. blood agar or Drigalski agar selective for Gram-negative rods and incubated at 37°C overnight. The total number of colony-forming units (cfu) was counted. Pilot experiments showed that incubation at 200C and 300C gave the same number of cfu.All samples were prepared in duplicate and the results were expressed as the mean number of cfu/g 204

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Pulmonary cell reactions after exposure to cotton dust extract

Cited by 19 publications

References 6 publications

Early bacterial clearance from murine lungs. Species-dependent phagocyte response.

Early bacterial clearance from murine lungs. Species-dependent phagocyte response.

Bacterial contamination of cotton as an indicator of respiratory effects among card room workers.

Bacterial contamination of cotton and cotton dust and effects on the lung.

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