Pulmonary assessment of children after chlamydial pneumonia of infancy

Weiss, Steven G; Newcomb, Richard W.; Beem, Marc O.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(86)81037-x

Cited by 67 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In fact, vitamin D deficiency has been shown to predispose children to respiratory infections [31][32][33], and vitamin D supplements have been shown to decrease the incidence of respiratory infections [34]. This may have obvious consequences, as early respiratory infections may predispose to the onset of asthma [35][36][37][38] and the development of bronchial hyperreactivity [39]. However, no evaluation of the prevalence of respiratory infections was performed on our cohort.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum vitamin D levels and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in children with asthma

Chinellato¹,

Piazza²,

Sandri³

et al. 2010

Eur Respir J

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Epidemiological studies have established a relationship between low levels of serum vitamin D and reduced lung function in healthy adults, and asthma onset and severity in children. However, no study has examined the relationship between vitamin D levels and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic children.We evaluated the relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and baseline forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and change in FEV1 (DFEV1) after a standardised exercise challenge in 45 children with intermittent asthma.Only 11% of the children had desirable serum vitamin D levels (at least 30-40 ng?mL Our results indicate that hypovitaminosis D is frequent in asthmatic children who live in a Mediterranean country. In those children, lower levels of vitamin D are associated with reduced lung function and increased reactivity to exercise.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum vitamin D levels and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in children with asthma

Chinellato¹,

Piazza²,

Sandri³

et al. 2010

Eur Respir J

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“…Neonatal pulmonary chlamydial infections have long been reported to be associated with chronic respiratory sequelae in adult life (5). As a first step toward determining a cause-and-effect relationship, and to examine the underlying mechanisms, we established and characterized a model of neonatal pulmonary chlamydial infection in both C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Antimicrobial drugs have been effective in management of acute neonatal C. trachomatis pneumonia (4). However, an association of neonatal C. trachomatis pulmonary infection and subsequent development later in life of abnormal pulmonary function has been reported (5). The significant morbidity caused by this infection and possible sequelae underscore the need for a better understanding of the pathogenesis and immunity to C. trachomatis infection in newborns.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous IFN-γ Production Is Induced and Required for Protective Immunity against Pulmonary Chlamydial Infection in Neonatal Mice

Jupelli

Guentzel

Meier

et al. 2008

The Journal of Immunology

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Chlamydia trachomatis infection in neonates, not adults, has been associated with the development of chronic respiratory sequelae. Adult chlamydial infections induce Th1-type responses that subsequently clear the infection, whereas the neonatal immune milieu in general has been reported to be biased toward Th2-type responses. We examined the protective immune responses against intranasal Chlamydia muridarum challenge in 1-day-old C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. Infected C57BL/6 pups displayed earlier chlamydial clearance (day 14) compared with BALB/c pups (day 21). However, challenged C57BL/6 pups exhibited prolonged deficits in body weight gain (days 12–30) compared with BALB/c pups (days 9–12), which correlated with continual pulmonary cellular infiltration. Both strains exhibited a robust Th1-type response, including elevated titers of serum antichlamydial IgG2a and IgG2b, not IgG1, and elevated levels of splenic C. muridarum-specific IFN-γ, not IL-4, production. Additionally, elevated IFN-γ, not IL-4 expression, was observed locally in the infected lungs of both mouse strains. The immune responses in C57BL/6 pups were significantly greater compared with BALB/c pups after chlamydial challenge. Importantly, infected mice deficient in IFN-γ or IFN-γ receptor demonstrated enhanced chlamydial dissemination, and 100% of animals died by 2 wk postchallenge. Collectively, these results indicate that neonatal pulmonary chlamydial infection induces a robust Th1-type response, with elevated pulmonary IFN-γ production, and that endogenous IFN-γ is important in protection against this infection. The enhanced IFN-γ induction in the immature neonatal lung also may be relevant to the development of respiratory sequelae in adult life.

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“…However, if infection of pregnant women is not detected and treated, several anomalies in lung function of children, including reduced total lung capacity and forced expiratory volume, have been correlated with the past clinical history of neonatal C. trachomatis pneumonia. 6 Likewise, human respiratory infections with Chlamydia pneumoniae later in life (infant, childhood and adult) have been associated with induction, severity and exacerbations of wheezing, and asthma. [7][8][9] In a recent study of Chlamydia muridarum (C. mur) infection of mice as neonates, infants or adults, followed 6 weeks later with sensitization and then challenge with ovalbumin, the early life (neonatal and infant), but not the adult infection with Chlamydia, led to enhanced allergic airways disease with features of asthma.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal chlamydial pneumonia induces altered respiratory structure and function lasting into adult life

Jupelli

Murthy

Chaganty

et al. 2011

Laboratory Investigation

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Respiratory dysfunction in adults has been correlated with neonatal Chlamydia trachomatis pneumonia in several studies, but a causal association has not been clearly demonstrated. In this study, we examined radial alveolar counts (RACs) by microscopy, and airway and parenchymal lung function using a small animal ventilator in juvenile (5 weeks age) and adult (8 weeks age) BALB/c mice challenged as neonates with Chlamydia muridarum (C. mur) on day 1 or day 7 after birth, representing saccular (human pre-term neonates) and alveolar (human term neonates) stages of lung development, respectively. Pups challenged with C. mur on either day 1 or 7 after birth demonstrated significantly enhanced airway hyperreactivity and lung compliance, both as juveniles (5 weeks age) and adults (8 weeks age), compared with mockchallenged mice. Moreover, mice challenged neonatally with Chlamydia displayed significantly reduced RACs, suggesting emphysematous changes. Antimicrobial treatment during the neonatal infection induced early bacterial clearance and partially ameliorated the Chlamydia-induced lung dysfunction as adults. These results suggest that neonatal chlamydial pneumonia, especially in pre-term neonates, is a cause of respiratory dysfunction continuing into adulthood, and that antimicrobial administration may be partially effective in preventing the adverse respiratory sequelae in adulthood. The results of our studies also emphasize the importance of prenatal screening and treatment of pregnant women for C. trachomatis in order to prevent the infection of neonates.

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Pulmonary assessment of children after chlamydial pneumonia of infancy

Cited by 67 publications

References 27 publications

Serum vitamin D levels and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in children with asthma

Serum vitamin D levels and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in children with asthma

Endogenous IFN-γ Production Is Induced and Required for Protective Immunity against Pulmonary Chlamydial Infection in Neonatal Mice

Neonatal chlamydial pneumonia induces altered respiratory structure and function lasting into adult life

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