Pulmonary Artery Diameters in Healthy Fetuses From 19 to 40 Weeks' Gestation

Abstract

Nomograms of MPA and branch pulmonary artery diameters according to GA and EFW have been described, generating reference values.

Fetal echocardiography: z‐score reference ranges for a large patient population

“…Previous studies by Steed et al 26 yielded linear regression equations for LV, RV, Ao and Pa in terms of MA that are in very close agreement with ours (note that their measurements are in cm, so there is scaling factor of 10×). Ruano et al 27 constructed nomograms for pulmonary artery (PA) growth from 19 to 40 weeks' gestation and their linear regression model (MPA = −2.77 + (0.30 × MA)) for main pulmonary artery diameter in terms of MA is almost identical to ours (PA = −2.73 + (0.312 × MA)). Shapiro et al 28 derived fetal cardiac measurements from 14 weeks' gestation to term and found a linear relationship between MA and both Ao and PA, with regression coefficients very similar to those in the present study.…”

Predicting perinatal outcome in isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia using fetal pulmonary artery diameters

“…1). The averages of these 3 measurements were considered to define the observed PA diameters for comparison with the expected PA diameters at a given gestational age obtained in our previous study including 220 healthy fetuses [24]. Thus, in each case (n = 21) and control (n = 85) the observed/expected diameters of the main, right, and left PAs were calculated.…”

Prenatal Anatomical Imaging in Fetuses with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

“…Sokol et al [43,44] demonstrated that main pulmonary vessel diameter of the ipsilateral branch is related to outcome. Ruano et al [45] established nomograms for branch main pulmonary artery diameters. They also investigated the predictive value of 3D power Doppler of the entire lung vasculature in terms of survival as well as the occurrence of pulmonary hypertension [46] .…”