Pulmonary adenocarcinoma with heterotopic bone formation

Abstract

Adenocarcinoma of the lung is a common malignancy. Frequently, this tumor can cause calcification within a primary tumor. However, an extremely rare occurrence in lung carcinomas is ossification within a primary tumor, and to our knowledge only three cases have been reported. We report a case of pulmonary adenocarcinoma with ossification, and discuss the pathogenesis of intratumoral ossification with a review of the literature.

Clinicopathological Features of Thymoma with Ring Calcification: Case Reports

“…As a common process, dystrophic calcification can occur in the presence of degenerative or necrotic tissues, entrapment of pre-existing calcified scar tissue or granulomatous tissue, and mucus-producing areas adjacent to tumor cells. 16) However, this theory had no application to thymomas, which contained tumors inside the ring calcification without necrotic tissue. We could explain the ring calcification as follows.…”

A case of pancreatic solid-pseudopapillary neoplasm with marked ossification

“…It might be difficult to distinguish calcification from ossification exactly. Some papers have reported the causes of ossification [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Here, we would like to discuss why ossification, i.e., massive calcification, occurred.…”

“…Ossification is a phenomenon in which some tissues are uniquely differentiated or morphologically altered, or a morphological change is noted in adjacent tissue. The following four causes have been considered as reasons for ossification [11][12][13][14]: (a) degenerative necrosis, (b) replacement of cartilage, (c) skeletal muscle-related cause, and (d) epithelial ossification not related to calcification or cartilage [15]; (d) may be the mechanism underlying tumor ossification, in which bone marrow stromal cells might stimulate certain factors to cause tumors not related to calcification, or cartilage to differentiate into bone. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-2), transforming growth factor (TGF)-b, and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 have been suggested to be among such factors by Kim et al [16].…”

Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of lung type 1

“…Heterotopic bone formation has been well documented in different pulmonary lesions including benign hamartomatous and malignant conditions whether primary or secondary, albeit perhaps not in CCAM type 1 [20]. Among the benign lesions, TO is rare, usually presents in elderly men, and is characterized by osseocartilagenous submucosal nodules in the trachea and main stem bronchus [21].…”