Pulling Sites in Trichotillomania: Exploring Differences in Characteristics, Phenomenology, and Contextual Variables

Barber, Kathryn E.; Capel, Leila K.; Merl, Nicolas; Twohig, Michael P.; Saunders, Stephen M.; Compton, Scott N.; Franklin, Martin E.; Woods, Douglas W.

doi:10.1007/s10608-023-10419-z

Cogn Ther Res

2023

DOI: 10.1007/s10608-023-10419-z

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Pulling Sites in Trichotillomania: Exploring Differences in Characteristics, Phenomenology, and Contextual Variables

Kathryn E. Barber,

Leila K. Capel,

Nicolas Merl

et al.

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2024

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Cited by 3 publications

References 47 publications

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Motives for Performing Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviors (BFRBs): Similarities to and Differences from Non-Suicidal Self-Injurious and Stereotypic Movement Behaviors

Moritz,

Schmotz,

Hoyer

et al. 2024

Cogn Ther Res

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Background In the DSM-5, body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs) are now classified in the obsessive-compulsive and related disorders section. Differential diagnosis is complicated by the overlap of BFRBs with other disorders, especially non-suicidal self-injurious behavior (NSSI) and stereotypic movement behavior (SMB). The present study examined participants’ motives for performing BFRBs to provide a better understanding of how BFRBs may differ from NSSI and SMB and to determine whether BFRB is best characterized as an obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorder. Methods A total of 268 individuals with various BFRBs were assessed with respect to their motives for performing BFRBs, comorbid diagnoses, emotions accompanying their BFRBs, and whether they felt an urge to perform the behavior on others as well as themselves. Results The main motives for performing BFRBs were release of stress (84.7%), boredom (51.5%), and gratification/pleasure (34.7%). Approximately one third of the sample were unable to provide a clear motive. The majority were ambivalent about their behavior. Participants rarely engaged in cutting; 16.4% performed a BFRB on someone else’s body or wanted to do so. OCD was self-reported by only 7.5% of the participants. Discussion Ambivalence towards symptoms is high in individuals with BFRBs; the main motive for performing the behavior was emotion regulation, particularly of stress. Limitations of the study are the self-reported assessment and the high attrition during the assessment. Further research is needed to clarify whether BFRBs, NSSI, and SMB should be kept separate or should be combined into one category, perhaps with specifiers. The current classification of BFRBs as an OCD-related disorder should be reconsidered.

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Motives for Performing Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviors (BFRBs): Similarities to and Differences from Non-Suicidal Self-Injurious and Stereotypic Movement Behaviors

Moritz,

Schmotz,

Hoyer

et al. 2024

Cogn Ther Res

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Hair pulling in a sample of Turkish university students: prevalence, clinical characteristics, predictors, and sex differences

Pirdogan Aydin,

Bilge,

Demirci

et al. 2024

Curr Psychol

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Developing and Evaluating a Situated Assessment Instrument for Trichotillomania: The SAM² TAI

Taylor Browne Lūka,

Hendry,

Dutriaux

et al. 2024

Assessment

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Measuring trichotillomania is essential for understanding and treating it effectively. Using the Situated Assessment Method (SAM2), we developed a psychometric instrument to assess hair pulling in situations where it occurs. In two studies, pullers evaluated their pulling in relevant situations, along with how much they experience factors that potentially influence it (e.g., external triggers, reduction in negative emotion, negative self-thoughts). Individual measures of pulling, averaged across situations, exhibited high test reliability, construct validity, and content validity. Large differences between situations in pulling were observed, along with large individual-situation interactions (with limited evidence distinguishing focused versus automatic pulling subtypes). In linear regressions for individual participants, factors that influence pulling tended to correlate with pulling as predicted, explaining a median 74%–83% of its variance. By identifying factors that predict pulling for each individual across situations, the SAM2 Trichotillomania Assessment Instrument (TAI) offers a rich understanding of an individual’s pulling experience, potentially supporting individualized pulling interventions.

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Pulling Sites in Trichotillomania: Exploring Differences in Characteristics, Phenomenology, and Contextual Variables

Cited by 3 publications

References 47 publications

Motives for Performing Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviors (BFRBs): Similarities to and Differences from Non-Suicidal Self-Injurious and Stereotypic Movement Behaviors

Motives for Performing Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviors (BFRBs): Similarities to and Differences from Non-Suicidal Self-Injurious and Stereotypic Movement Behaviors

Hair pulling in a sample of Turkish university students: prevalence, clinical characteristics, predictors, and sex differences

Developing and Evaluating a Situated Assessment Instrument for Trichotillomania: The SAM² TAI

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Pulling Sites in Trichotillomania: Exploring Differences in Characteristics, Phenomenology, and Contextual Variables

Cited by 3 publications

References 47 publications

Motives for Performing Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviors (BFRBs): Similarities to and Differences from Non-Suicidal Self-Injurious and Stereotypic Movement Behaviors

Motives for Performing Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviors (BFRBs): Similarities to and Differences from Non-Suicidal Self-Injurious and Stereotypic Movement Behaviors

Hair pulling in a sample of Turkish university students: prevalence, clinical characteristics, predictors, and sex differences

Developing and Evaluating a Situated Assessment Instrument for Trichotillomania: The SAM2 TAI

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Developing and Evaluating a Situated Assessment Instrument for Trichotillomania: The SAM² TAI