Pulau Ampat site: A submerged 8th century iron production village in Matano Lake, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Adhityatama, Shinatria; Triwurjani, Rr.; Yurnaldi, Dida; Janssen, Renée; Dhony, Muslim Dimas Khoiru; SURYATMAN, SURYATMAN; Abbas, Abdullah; Lukman, Alqiz; Bulbeck, David

doi:10.1016/j.ara.2021.100335

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Based on the results of radiocarbon analyses, these smelting activities were dated to the fourteenth to nineteenth centuries AD (Hartatik et al 2021). As well as at Kalimantan, iron smelting sites were found in Matano, central Sulawesi, dating to the eighth century AD (Adhityatama et al 2021). This latter region is famous for iron ore containing nickel, which is a source material for making kris daggers.…”

Section: Terra Australis 56mentioning

confidence: 99%

The rise of the Metal Age in Sumatra: Evidence from Harimau Cave in South Sumatra

Sofian,

Simanjuntak

2024

Quaternary Palaeontology and Archaeology of Sumatra

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Sumatra is one of the largest islands in the Indonesian archipelago. Its location at the western edge of Indonesia makes it close to and, when sea-levels are low, frequently connected to the mainland of Southeast Asia. It is thus not surprising that human migrations and cultural diffusions from mainland Asia to Indonesia often passed through Sumatra first and then spread further into the archipelago. Such diffusions influenced the emergence of metal culture in Indonesia (in addition to other cultures such as pottery and agriculture). The archaeological finds at several sites in Sumatra reveal bronze artefacts in the Dong Son style of Vietnam. One of these sites is Harimau Cave in the southern part of Sumatra. Excavations in this cave recovered bronze and iron artefacts from the protohistoric occupation layer. The bronze artefacts are socketed axes and bracelets that date from between the fourth century BC and the first century AD. These are the oldest metal artefacts thus far found in Sumatra and Indonesia in general. Hence, the bronze artefacts from Harimau Cave may be an indication of the rise of the Metal Age on Sumatra, which coincides with the emergence of the international Maritime Silk Road.

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Section: Terra Australis 56mentioning

confidence: 99%

The rise of the Metal Age in Sumatra: Evidence from Harimau Cave in South Sumatra

Sofian,

Simanjuntak

2024

Quaternary Palaeontology and Archaeology of Sumatra

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“…Metal objects as tools were used by people in the past to carry out various forms of work, including constructing buildings, such as temples. An example is the Borobudur Temple which is one of the wonders of the world [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, we do not know exactly where the iron tools came from, due to the lack of studies on metal tools in Indonesia. However, the many findings of iron tools indicate the existence of an industry that were carried out by skilled hands or blacksmiths from Lake Matano [8,10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Iron Civilization of Matano Lake, South Sulawesi: Paleometallic to Historical Periods

Triwurjani¹,

Adhityatama²,

SURYATMAN³

et al. 2023

Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research

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Artifacts of funnel axes, which characterize the paleometallic period, were found in Lake Matano. The discovery of several weapons in the form of kris, machetes, knives, daggers (badik) shows that the Matano area is a metalproducing area. In the Nagarakrtagama Manuscript, it is stated that the Majapahit Kingdom imported metal from Matano to make weapons. However, not much archaeological evidence has been found to know the pattern of development of ancient metal processing activities. This study aims to obtain information about the early development of iron age culture in the Lake Matano Region and innovations in the field of archeometallurgy that our ancestors once possessed. Through land and underwater explorations, it is known that there are traces of iron processing. The results of dating analysis show that metal processing in the Lake Matano area was carried out continuously from the 8th to the 18th centuries AD.

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New discoveries of ancient iron smelting sites in Kalimantan

Hartatik¹,

Sunarningsih²,

Fajari³

et al. 2023

L'Anthropologie

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Pulau Ampat site: A submerged 8th century iron production village in Matano Lake, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Cited by 4 publications

References 25 publications

The rise of the Metal Age in Sumatra: Evidence from Harimau Cave in South Sumatra

The rise of the Metal Age in Sumatra: Evidence from Harimau Cave in South Sumatra

The Iron Civilization of Matano Lake, South Sulawesi: Paleometallic to Historical Periods

New discoveries of ancient iron smelting sites in Kalimantan

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