PUFA – An index of clinical consequences of untreated dental caries

Monse, Bella; Heinrich‐Weltzien, Roswitha; Benzian, Habib; Holmgren, Christopher J.; Helderman, W.H. van Palenstein

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0528.2009.00514.x

Cited by 325 publications

(458 citation statements)

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“…This coincides with the increasing penetration of lower-income markets by transnational companies and the marketing of soft drinks, confectionery and sugar-containing foods to previously unexposed lower-income countries. The severity of caries has become so serious in developing countries that a new dental index of caries, the PUFA index, has been developed: P = Pulp involvement, U = Ulceration of mucosa from caries, F = Fistula from abscess due to caries, A = Abscess due to caries (68) .…”

Section: Globalisation and Demographic Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new understanding of the relationship between sugars, dental caries and fluoride use: implications for limits on sugars consumption

Sheiham

James

2014

Public Health Nutr.

141

115

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Objective: To examine the quantitative relationship between sugar intake and the progressive development of dental caries. Design: A critical in-depth review of international studies was conducted. Methods included reassessing relevant studies from the most recent systematic review on the relationship between levels of sugars and dental caries. Reanalysis of dose-response relationships between dietary sugars and caries incidence in teeth with different levels of caries susceptibility in children was done using data from Japanese studies conducted by Takeuchi and co-workers. Setting: Global, with emphasis on marked differences in both national sugar intake and fluoride use and preferably where one factor such as sugar intake changed progressively without changes in other factors over a decade or more. Subjects: Children aged 6 years or more and adults. Results: Caries occurred in both resistant and susceptible teeth of children when sugar intakes were only 2-3 % of energy intake, provided that the teeth had been exposed to sugars for > 3 years. Despite increased enamel resistance after tooth eruption, there was a progressive linear increase in caries throughout life, explaining the higher rates of caries in adults than in children. Fluoride affects progression of caries development but there still is a pandemic prevalence of caries in populations worldwide. Conclusions: Previous analyses based on children have misled public health analyses on sugars. The recommendation that sugar intakes should be ≤10 % of energy intake is no longer acceptable. The much greater adult burden of dental caries highlights the need for very low sugar intakes throughout life, e.g. 2-3 % of energy intake, whether or not fluoride intake is optimum.

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Section: Globalisation and Demographic Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new understanding of the relationship between sugars, dental caries and fluoride use: implications for limits on sugars consumption

Sheiham

James

2014

Public Health Nutr.

141

115

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In developing countries, most dental caries remain untreated, and many children suffer from its consequences (1,2). The effects of untreated caries have been evaluated in many studies (1,3,4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this index does not provide any information regarding the consequences of untreated caries; it only evaluates the presence of caries, restorations, and missing teeth (2). Pulpal involvement as a consequence of dental caries is not taken into account in this index.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pulpal involvement as a consequence of dental caries is not taken into account in this index. In 2010, a new index referred to as pufa/PUFA was introduced to determine the frequency and the severity of the clinical consequences of untreated caries (2). In this index, exposed pulp, oral mucosal wounds due to remaining roots, fistula, and abscess are reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the Prevalence of Clinical Consequences of Untreated Dental Caries Using PUFA/pufa Index in a Group of Iranian Children

Ramazani

Rezaei

2016

Iran J Pediatr

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Background: Untreated dental caries have considerable consequences on the growth and development of children and their quality of life. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of clinical consequences of untreated dental caries in a sample of Iranian children based on the pufa/PUFA diagnostic index. Methods: In this descriptive analytical study, 360 students between the ages of 6 -12 years were selected using cluster sampling. Oral clinical examinations were performed by one pedodontist. DMFT, dmft, PUFA and pufa scores were recorded. The height and weight of children were also measured to calculate body mass index (BMI). Descriptive findings are reported in terms of frequencies and percentages, as well as means and standard deviations. The data were analyzed in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 using Fisher's Exact Test, the Mann Whitney U test, and logistic regression. The level of significance was set at P = 0.05. Results: The overall caries experience and the overall prevalence of untreated dental caries in the study population was 93.0% (mean

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“…[7] Newer Indices Newer indices are constantly being developed to record dental caries more accurately, precisely and more efficiently. These newly introduced indices included, the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS-I, ICDAS-II) by [8,9] and the Pulpal involvement, Ulceration, Fistula and Abscess (PUFA) index published by Monse et al [10] The ICDAS indices does not record the pulpal involvement occurring as a consequence of severe dental caries whereas on the other hand PUFA did not record the enamel, dentinal or root caries lesions as it was concerned with only the extreme ends of the caries disease spectrum. [11] Authors of caries assessment spectrum and treatment (CAST) Index have tried to combine the advantages of three indices namely ICDAS II, PUFA and M-and F-components of DMF Index by WHO.…”

Section: Indices Used In Recording Dental Cariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Face and Content Validation of Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment Index among Few Subject Matter Experts in India

Phansopkar¹,

Hegde-Shetiya²,

Devadiga³

et al. 2015

IJDHC

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Introduction:The proposed new index by Dr. Frencken: Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) Index. It addresses the assessment of clinical stages of carious lesion progression in enamel, dentine, pulp and cavity restored under 9 codes. Content validity as a part of psychometric testing was conducted by Frencken in Brazil, which included 15 countries and India was not included. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the face and content validity of CAST Index in India. Materials and Methods: Face and content validity of CAST Index was conducted amongst dentists with post-graduate degree qualification (Conservative and Endodontics, Pediatric Dentistry, Public Health Dentistry and Oral Medicine and Radiology) in India. The proforma for content and face validation containing the description of the index along with the original article was given in person to 20 Subject Matter Experts (SME's) through convenience sampling. Results: The SME's concluded that face validity of CAST Index seemed to be a reasonable way of recording dental caries, and it was feasible and appropriate with certain modifications to use in the Indian population. The content validity ratio of all the codes of CAST Index showed that the "ACCEPTABLE" codes were 0, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 and 8. Conclusion:The CAST Index could be used for epidemiological surveys in India but with a few modifications of the original index. Furthermore, its application can be justified due to a varied population with different socio-economic and cultural backgrounds in India and it also covers the entire spectrum of dental caries.

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PUFA – An index of clinical consequences of untreated dental caries

Abstract: The PUFA index complements classical caries indices with relevant information for epidemiologists and health care planners.

Cited by 325 publications

References 10 publications

A new understanding of the relationship between sugars, dental caries and fluoride use: implications for limits on sugars consumption

A new understanding of the relationship between sugars, dental caries and fluoride use: implications for limits on sugars consumption

Evaluation of the Prevalence of Clinical Consequences of Untreated Dental Caries Using PUFA/pufa Index in a Group of Iranian Children

Face and Content Validation of Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment Index among Few Subject Matter Experts in India

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