Puerarin protects Alzheimer's disease neuronal cybrids from oxidant-stress induced apoptosis by inhibiting pro-death signaling pathways

Ibuprofen-Glutathione Conjugate as Anti-inflammatory and Anti-apoptotic Agent in Rat Brain Infused with β Amyloid (1-40)

“…This treatment also reverses the Aβ-induced iNOS over-expression, strongly related to the spatial memory impairment, as already reported by Huang et al [40]. The recruitment of healthy elongated mitochondria, upon antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective IBU-GSH combined treatment, could be coupled to nerve terminals to supply ATP allowing a better function [41]. These results seem to be paralleled by the inhibition of the apoptotic route driven by caspase-3, due to IBU-GSH combined treatment even though, as suggested by Lamkanfi and Kanneganti [42], a role was also assigned to caspase-7 in the occurrence of the apoptotic event.…”

Mitochondria and Cell Bioenergetics: Increasingly Recognized Components and a Possible Etiologic Cause of Alzheimer's Disease

“…Relative to control cybrid lines AKT phosphorylation is increased, as is phosphorylation of the p38, JNK, and ERK1/2 serine-threonine kinases (195,197,302). The status of AKT in the AD brain is unclear, as its intracellular distribution and absolute amount seem to change, but available data suggest the AKTser-473 phosphorylated to nonphosphorylated ratio increases (101,159,208,219).…”

“…Electron microscopy (EM) reveals AD cybrids have increased numbers of enlarged mitochondria with swollen pale matrices; disrupted, reduced cristae; broken outer membranes; and crystal-like inclusions (276,277,302). Despite this, relative to control cybrids, the AD cybrid average mitochondrial size is reduced.…”

“…Under physiologic conditions, mitochondrial superoxide production is associated with mitochondrial membrane potential hyperpolarization (26). AD cybrid mitochondria, which are relatively depolarized, also generate excess superoxide (16,32,68,195,233,264,302). Mitochondrial ROS overproduction in the setting of a low membrane potential suggests that AD cybrids have a fundamentally defective ETC.…”

Puerarin exerts antipyretic effect on lipopolysaccharide-induced fever in rats involving inhibition of pyrogen production from macrophages

“…As a bioactive isoflavone-C-glucoside with low toxicity, puerarin has received increasing attention around the world. Numerous studies revealed that puerarin possesses many benefits and medicinal properties, such as dilating the cardiac and cerebral vessels, antidipsotropic activity, antioxidation, anti-diabetes, anti-inflammation, prevention of osteoporosis and neuroprotective effects (Zhang et al, 2007Bebrevska et al, 2010;Yang et al, 2010;Wong et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2011). Puerarin is recorded in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (PPRC, II) as a vasodilator.…”