Publishing, Culture, and Power in Early Modern China

Chow, Kai-wing

doi:10.1515/9781503617520

Cited by 86 publications

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“…The thriv ing pub lish ing indus try in the Qing dynasty can be seen as another "unintended" by-prod uct of the pop u lar ized civil exams. Previous stud ies pointed out that the devel op ment of com mer cial print ing in the late Ming and early Qing cre ated a vast sup ply-demand rela tion ship and redirected a large num ber of lite rati from solely enroll ing in exams to work ing as pro fes sional writ ers who actively engaged in the print ing busi ness and helped read ers suc ceed at exams (Chow 1996(Chow , 2004.…”

Section: A Thriving Publishing Industry As a By-prod Uctmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the Civil Examinations in the Qing Dynasty: Popularization and Social Transitions

Muhui,

Kyungho

2024

Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies

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Recent literature has pointed out the increased stratification and narrowing of the social ladder embedded in the Qing-era civil examinations. This essay sees a clear-cut division between the diminishing opportunity for high-level degrees (above juren 舉人) and the rising exam fever in competing for the licentiate degree (shengyuan 生員) at the grassroots level. This study focuses on the popularization of civil exams in the Qing era from three perspectives: the inflation of the licentiate degree, the surging exam population across society, and the unintended by-product of expanded access to widespread education and literacy culture. Thus, this essay argues that the popularization of civil exams had far-reaching impacts on socioeconomic transitions in Qing China. In addition to the “gatekeeper” function of the civil examinations for selecting officials, the Qing exams triggered new occupations for licentiates and helped initiate self-employment orientations that contributed to accommodating the tremendous surplus population.

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Section: A Thriving Publishing Industry As a By-prod Uctmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the Civil Examinations in the Qing Dynasty: Popularization and Social Transitions

Muhui,

Kyungho

2024

Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies

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“…. 이 시기 형성된 고학적 학술경향에 대한 연구는 그 동안 주로 한문학(漢文學) 분야를 중심으로 이루 어져서 그것이 한문학 이외 다른 학문 분야, 특히 의학(醫學) 분야에 어떠한 * 성균관대학교 사학과 이메일: csungsan@skku.edu 1) 명대 문헌편찬에 대해서는 (Chow, 2004;Brokaw & Chow eds., 2005;大木康, 2005;황지영, 2012;井上進, 2002; 성산, 2003: 376-387). 이 과정을 통하여 노론 내에서 고학은 배제되었고, 그 것의 발전은 상당 부분 차단되었다.…”

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The Seongho School's Study of the Ancient Learning and Its Influence on the Debate about Materia Medica in the Late Joseon Dynasty

Cho

2015

Korean J Med Hist

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This study will determine the ways in which the ancient learning (gu xue, ) scholarship of the Seongho School, and its interest in the materia medica (ben cao xue, ) were related during the late Joseon period. The Seongho School centered its studies mainly on classical Chinese texts of the Han (206 BC－AD 220) and pre-Han (?－221 BC) (xian-qin lianghan, ) periods rather than those of the Tang and Song dynasties (618-1279). gu xue scholarship emerged during the Ming dynasty era (1368 －1644) as an alternative to the scholarly trends of the Song dynasty, which were dependent on Zhu Xi's (, 1130－1200) Neo-Confucianism and its interpretation of Han and pre-Han classical Chinese texts. This scholarly trend influenced Korean and Japanese literature, philosophy, and even medicine from the seventeenth through the nineteenth centuries. Focusing on Korean scholarship, we find a great deal of research regarding the influence of gu xue on Korean classical Chinese literature and Confucian philosophy in the late Joseon period; however, no study has examined how this style of scholarship influenced the field of medicine during the same period. This study will investigate how the intellectuals of the Seongho School, who did the most to develop gu xue among Joseon intellectuals, were influenced by this style of scholarship in their study of the materia medica. Jeong Yak-yong (1762－1836), the representative intellectual of the Seongho School, did not focus on complicated metaphysical medical theories, such as the Yin-Yang and Five Elements theory (yin yang wu xing shui, ) or the Five Movements and Six Atmospheres theory (wu yun liu qi shui, ). Instead, his interests lay in the exact diagnoses of diseases and meticulous herbal prescriptions which formed an essential part of the Treatise on Exogenous Febrile Disease (Shang han lun, ) written by Zhang Zhungjing (, 150－219) in the Han dynasty. The Treatise was compatible with the scholarly purpose of gu xue in that they both eschewed metaphysical explanations. The Seongho School's interest in the materia medica stemmed from a desire to improve the delivery and quality of medical practices in rural communities, where metaphysical theories of medicine did not prevail and the cost of medicine was prohibitive.

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China

Edgren¹

2008

A Companion to the History of the Book

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Publishing, Culture, and Power in Early Modern China

Cited by 86 publications

References 0 publications

Revisiting the Civil Examinations in the Qing Dynasty: Popularization and Social Transitions

Revisiting the Civil Examinations in the Qing Dynasty: Popularization and Social Transitions

The Seongho School's Study of the Ancient Learning and Its Influence on the Debate about Materia Medica in the Late Joseon Dynasty

China

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