Publisher's Note: Vacancy defect positron lifetimes in strontium titanate [Phys. Rev. B79, 014102 (2009)]

Defect-induced ferromagnetism in crystalline SrTiO3

“…[44]), which corresponds to a reduction in the Sr concentration by a factor of 3 and in the O concentration by a factor of 1.4. These trends correspond to the expected oxygen and Sr deficiency due to vacuum annealing [35]. For the Sr 2 Ti 6 O 13 phase Ti possesses a large integral valency of 3.7 as compared to purely oxygen deficient secondary phases which explains the only moderate increase of the paramagnetic background with increase in annealing temperature (Fig.…”

“…Consequently, reducing preparation conditions should lead to neutral O-vacancies which form shallow donor levels close to the conduction band and thus lead to electrical n-type conductivity. An experimental paper [35] on positron annihilation spectroscopy of virgin, electron irradiated or vacuum-annealed STO single crystals revealed that generally oxygen as well as Sr (A-site) vacancies are created due to the treatments. The main defect observed in as-prepared single crystals from different suppliers was the Ti (B-site) vacancy.…”

Generation and characterization of point defects in SrTiO3 and Y3Al5O12

“…They were annealed in an evacuated ampoule filled with SO or TiO 2 at 1200°C for 1 h. PALS spectra were recorded from as-received and annealed samples and analyzed using PATFIT program and the one-defect trapping model. This has been observed before in SrTiO 3 single crystals measured by Mackie and co-workers [17]. In Table 1 [17].…”

“…This has been observed before in SrTiO 3 single crystals measured by Mackie and co-workers [17]. In Table 1 [17]. Hydrogen anneal (see samples #4 and #5) led to the formation of complex defects, probably in the form of vacancy clusters as indicated by the long defect lifetime 279 and 315 ps.…”

Defect identification in semiconductors with positron annihilation: Experiment and theory

“…In ''simple'' complex oxides such as SnO 2 or ZrO 2 (Guagliardo et al, 2012) the situation is not as bad as in the multielement compounds, but the possibility of metal vacancy-oxygen vacancy complexes with multiple oxygen vacancies makes detailed defect identification difficult. For multimetal complex oxides (Uedono et al, 2002;Cheung et al, 2007;Keeble et al, 2007;Mackie et al, 2009;Gentils et al, 2010) these two challenges are combined, making identification even more difficult. These challenges should, however, be overcome by systematic studies where state-ofthe-art theoretical calculations and careful experiments are combined.…”