Publisher’s Note: Towards Quantum Superpositions of a Mirror [Phys. Rev. Lett.PRLTAO0031-9007<b>91</b>, 130401 (2003)]

Marshall, Wendy; Simon, Christoph; Penrose, Roger; Bouwmeester, Dirk

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.91.159903

Cited by 361 publications

(645 citation statements)

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“…Another example for quantum state preparation is that, even though the optomechanical interaction used here is linear with the mechanical position, by exploiting the optical non-linearity, X 2 M measurements with a strength significantly larger than that attainable with dispersive optomechanics can be performed [48]. An X 2 M measurement can be used to conditionally prepare highly non-Guassian mechanical superposition states and experimentally characterizing the decoherence of such states is important to determine the feasibility of using mechanical elements for coherent quantum applications and can also be used to empirically test collapse models [49][50][51][52]. The pulsed measurements performed here may also be utilized for a QND-measurement-based lightmechanics quantum interface [53].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooling-by-measurement and mechanical state tomography via pulsed optomechanics

et al. 2013

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Observing a physical quantity without disturbing it is a key capability for the control of individual quantum systems. Such back-action-evading or quantum-non-demolition measurements were first introduced in the 1970s in the context of gravitational wave detection to measure weak forces on test masses by high precision monitoring of their motion. Now, such techniques have become an indispensable tool in quantum science for preparing, manipulating, and detecting quantum states of light, atoms, and other quantum systems. Here we experimentally perform rapid optical quantumnoise-limited measurements of the position of a mechanical oscillator by using pulses of light with a duration much shorter than a period of mechanical motion. Using this back-action evading interaction we performed both state preparation and full state tomography of the mechanical motional state. We have reconstructed mechanical states with a position uncertainty reduced to 19 pm, limited by the quantum fluctuations of the optical pulse, and we have performed 'cooling-by-measurement' to reduce the mechanical mode temperature from an initial 1100 K to 16 K. Future improvements to this technique may allow for quantum squeezing of mechanical motion, even from room temperature, and reconstruction of non-classical states exhibiting negative regions in their phase-space quasi-probability distribution.Experiments are now beginning to investigate nonclassical motion of massive mechanical devices [1][2][3]. This opens up new perspectives for quantum-physics enhanced applications and for tests of the foundations of physics. A versatile approach to manipulate mechanical states of motion is provided by the interaction with electromagnetic radiation, typically confined to microwave or optical cavities. Such cavity-optomechanics experiments [4][5][6][7][8] have thus far largely concentrated on high sensitivity continuous monitoring of the mechanical position [9][10][11][12][13][14]. Because of the back-action imparted by the probe onto the measured object, the precision of such a measurement is fundamentally constrained by the standard quantum limit (SQL) [15,16], and therefore only allows for classical phase-space reconstruction [9,17,18]. In order to observe quantum mechanical features that are smaller than the mechanical zero-point motion, backaction-evading measurement techniques that can surpass the SQL [19,20] are required. Following the early insights of Braginsky, beating the standard quantum limit 'can be achieved only in one way: design the probe so it "sees" only the measured observable ' [15]. Such backaction evading techniques were first realized for the detection of optical quadratures [21][22][23] and have since been used for, e.g. precision measurement of atomic ensemble spin [24][25][26][27][28] and quantum non-demolition microwave photon counting [29]. In optomechanics, to perform a back-action evading measurement of the mechanical position, a time-dependent measurement scheme is required. One prominent example is the so-called 'two-tone app...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooling-by-measurement and mechanical state tomography via pulsed optomechanics

et al. 2013

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“…Even more ambitious, however, is a proposal by Dirk Bouwmeester of the University of California, Santa Barbara, and his colleagues to create superpositions in the position of macroscopic mirrors moved by the radiation pressure of a single photon in a superposition state 15 . Inevitably, this would involve extremely highprecision measurements: the researchers calculated that for a cube-shaped mirror measuring 10 micrometres in each dimension, with a mass of 5 trillionths of a kilogram and containing about 10 14 atoms, they would have to measure positions to within 10 −13 metres -close to the width of a proton, but nevertheless potentially feasible with interferometric methods.…”

Section: Sliding Doorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physics: Quantum all the way

Ball¹

2008

Nature

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“…It has also provided a good approach for fundamental studies of the transition between the quantum and the classical world [3]. This phenomenon can be realized in the optomechanical systems consisting of an optical cavity with a movable end mirror or with a membrane in the middle [4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controllability of optical bistability, cooling and entanglement in hybrid cavity optomechanical systems by nonlinear atom–atom interaction

Dalafi

Naderi

Soltanolkotabi

et al. 2013

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

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We investigate the effects of atomic collisions as well as optomechanical mirror-field coupling on the optical bistability in a hybrid system consisting of a Bose-Einstein condensate inside a driven optical cavity with a moving end mirror. It is shown that the bistability of the system can be controlled by the s-wave scattering frequency which can provide the possibility of realizing a controllable optical switch. On the other hand, by studying the effect of the Bogoliubov mode, as a secondary mechanical mode relative to the mirror vibrations, on the cooling process as well as the bipartite mirror-field and atom-field entanglements we find an interpretation for the cooling of the Bogoliubov mode. The advantage of this hybrid system in comparison to the bare optomecanical cavity with a two-mode moving mirror is the controllability of the frequency of the secondary mode through the s-wave scattering interaction.

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Publisher’s Note: Towards Quantum Superpositions of a Mirror [Phys. Rev. Lett.PRLTAO0031-900791, 130401 (2003)]

Cited by 361 publications

References 0 publications

Cooling-by-measurement and mechanical state tomography via pulsed optomechanics

Cooling-by-measurement and mechanical state tomography via pulsed optomechanics

Physics: Quantum all the way

Controllability of optical bistability, cooling and entanglement in hybrid cavity optomechanical systems by nonlinear atom–atom interaction

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