Publisher's Note: Momentum-space description of three-nucleon breakup reactions including the Coulomb interaction [Phys. Rev. C 72, 054004 (2005)]

Abstract

The Coulomb interaction between the two protons is included in the calculation of proton-deuteron breakup and of three-body electromagnetic disintegration of 3 He. The hadron dynamics is based on the purely nucleonic charge-dependent (CD) Bonn potential and its realistic extension CD Bonn + ∆ to a coupled-channel two-baryon potential, allowing for single virtual ∆-isobar excitation. Calculations are done using integral equations in momentum space. The screening and renormalization approach is employed for including the Coulomb interaction. Convergence of the procedure is found at moderate screening radii. The reliability of the method is demonstrated. The Coulomb effect on breakup observables is seen at all energies in particular kinematic regimes.

Recent experiments on three nucleon systems and problems to be solved

“…SS anomaly was found first in nd breakup at E n = 13 MeV and 10.5 MeV [11], and was confirmed at 13 MeV by another experiment [12]. Experiments of pd breakup at SS configuration were also made, and SS anomaly in pd breakup was first found when a reliable pd calculation was made [6].…”

“…Because a reliable calculation on pd breakup has become available since 2005 [6], we have been making a systematic measurement of pd star cross section at E p = 13 MeV and 9.5 MeV. At Koeln University, measurement of pd star cross section at E d = 19 MeV (E p = 9.5 MeV) was made [13].…”

Four-nucleon scattering: a new numerical approach

“…1. Finally we use the method developed for pd elastic scattering [2,3] to include the Coulomb interaction between the protons. This means using the two-potential formula…”

“…They are the A y puzzle in elastic Nd scattering and the space star anomaly in Nd breakup, just to name a few. These problems persist even when the Coulomb interaction is added [1,2,3] and seem to be insensitive to the choice of realistic 2N + 3N force model. As it has already been highlighted in the past [4,5,6], the four-nucleon scattering problem reveals further discrepancies between theory and experiment that need clarification in terms of improved calculations using modern force models and efficient numerical algorithms that allow for a numerically converged solution of the Alt, Grassberger and Sandhas (AGS) equation [7] for the transition operators.…”

“…Given the success recently achieved in including the Coulomb interaction in pd elastic scattering and breakup [2,3], we generalize the proposed method to the four-nucleon system and study p 3 He below three-body breakup threshold.…”