Publisher’s Note:<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>J</mml:mi><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi></mml:math>Production versus Centrality, Transverse Momentum, and Rapidity in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>Au</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mi>Au</mml:mi></mml:math>Collisions at<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msqrt><mml:msub><mml:mi>s</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>N</m

Adare, A.; Afanasiev, S.; Aidala, C.; Ajitanand, N. N.; Akiba, Y.; Al-Bataineh, H.; Alexander, J.; Al-Jamel, A.; Aoki, Kozo; Aphecetche, L.; Arméndariz, R.; Aronson, S. H.; Asai, J.; Atomssa, E. T.; Averbeck, R.; Awes, T. C.; Azmoun, B.; Babintsev, V.; Baksay, G.; Baksay, L.; Baldisseri, A.; Barish, K. N.; Barnes, P.; Bassalleck, B.; Bathe, S.; Batsouli, S.; Baublis, V.; Bauer, F.; Bazilevsky, A.; Беликов, С.; Bennett, R.; Berdnikov, Y.; Bickley, A. A.; Bjorndal, M. T.; Boissevain, J. G.; Borel, H.; Boyle, K.; Brooks, M. L.; Brown, D. S.; Bucher, D.; Buesching, H.; Bumazhnov, V.; Bunce, G.; Burward-Hoy, J. M.; Butsyk, S.; Campbell, S.; Chai, J. S.; Chang, B.; Charvet, J. L.; Chernichenko, S.; Chiba, J.; Y., C.; Chiu, M.; Choi, I. J.; Chujo, T.; Chung, P.; Churyn, A.; Cianciolo, V.; Cleven, C. R.; Cobigo, Y.; Cole, B.; Comets, M. P.; Constantin, P.; Csanád, M.; Csörgő, T.; Dahms, T.; Das, K.; David, G.; Deaton, M. 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doi:10.1103/physrevlett.98.249902

Cited by 227 publications

(404 citation statements)

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“…Note that the Hamiltonian H eff is not necessarily the same as the Hamiltonian H S when the system is isolated. 2 The Caldeira-Leggett master equation [74] is not in the Lindblad form; nevertheless it describes quantum Brownian motion well. The Lindblad master equation is, however, conceptually more useful.…”

Section: A Basics Of Open Quantum Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In that context the open-quantum-system approach has been developed and applied to the description of quarkonium in the QGP as well [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48]. The ultimate goal then is to eventually simulate a quarkonium as an open quantum system in the QGP and extract information on the in-medium forces from experimental data of Υ and J/ψ measured at the LHC and RHIC [2,3,[49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57].…”

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Quantum Brownian motion of a heavy quark pair in the quark-gluon plasma

et al. 2020

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In this paper we study the real-time evolution of heavy quarkonium in the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) on the basis of the open quantum systems approach. In particular, we shed light on how quantum dissipation affects the dynamics of the relative motion of the quarkonium state over time. To this end we present a novel non-equilibrium master equation for the relative motion of quarkonium in a medium, starting from Lindblad operators derived systematically from quantum field theory. In order to implement the corresponding dynamics, we deploy the well established quantum state diffusion method. In turn we reveal how the full quantum evolution can be cast in the form of a stochastic non-linear Schrödinger equation. This for the first time provides a direct link from quantum chromodynamics (QCD) to phenomenological models based on nonlinear Schrödinger equations. Proof of principle simulations in one-dimension show that dissipative effects indeed allow the relative motion of the constituent quarks in a quarkonium at rest to thermalize. Dissipation turns out to be relevant already at early times well within the QGP lifetime in relativistic heavy ion collisions. I. INTRODUCTIONOver the past decades, properties of nuclear matter in extreme conditions have been vigorously studied both experimentally and theoretically.At modern collider facilities, such as the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), heavy nuclei are collided at ultrarelativistic energy to create a multiparticle system in the collision center, endowed with an extremely high energy density.A multitude of measurements suggest that the energy densities reached are high enough that a new phase of nuclear matter, the "quark-gluon plasma (QGP)" is realized [1-3].On the theory side significant progress has been made in understanding the thermodynamic, i.e. static properties of the QGP at the temperatures reached in heavy ion collisions at which QCD dynamics is still nonperturbative. Lattice QCD simulations have played a central role in this regard shedding light on e.g. the crossover transition temperature [4,5], the physics of static screening in QCD [6,7] and the equilibrium spectral properties of heavy *

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Section: A Basics Of Open Quantum Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Quantum Brownian motion of a heavy quark pair in the quark-gluon plasma

et al. 2020

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“…It is related to the Ekman number by E = (A k B /m p R 2 )(η/s) where 1 ≤ A ≤ 2 is the entropy per nucleon in units of Boltzmann's constant (van Eysden & Melatos 2008). The shear viscosity has also been measured in heavy-ion collisions (Adler et al 2003;Adare et al 2007). Neutron stars are stably stratified because the concentration of charged particles increases with density but chemical equilibrium is maintained (Reisenegger & Goldreich 1992).…”

Section: O N S T I T U T I V E P Ro P E Rt I E S O F B U L K N U C mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In line 3, the compression modulus is obtained from the measured nuclear symmetry energy from isospin diffusion in heavy-ion collisions (Chen et al 2005;Li et al 2008). Line 4 lists the ratio of shear viscosity to specific entropy measured in Au+Au collisions at an energy of 200 GeV (Adler et al 2003;Adare et al 2007). Theoretical calculations of shear viscosity by Cutler & Lindblom (1987) for neutron-neutron and electron-electron scattering, corresponding to the normal and superfluid states, respectively, are listed in lines 5 and 6.…”

Section: O N S T I T U T I V E P Ro P E Rt I E S O F B U L K N U C mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heavy ion and nuclear resonance experiments measuring the compressibility of nuclear matter imply a soft equation of state (Sturm et al 2001;Vretenar, Nikšić & Ring 2003), whereas neutron star observations imply a hard equation of state, albeit at lower energies (Hartnack, Oeschler & Aichelin 2006;Lattimer & Prakash 2007). Likewise, heavy-ion colliders measure a viscosity close to the conjectured quantum lower bound (Adare et al 2007), whereas the relaxation time-scale of pulsar glitches suggests a value many orders of magnitude larger (Cutler & Lindblom 1987;Andersson, Comer & Glampedakis 2005;van Eysden & Melatos 2010). Gravitational wave observations will help to resolve these and other issues; bulk matter at nuclear density cannot be assembled in terrestrial laboratories with current technology (van Eysden & Melatos 2008;Owen 2009;Xu et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Continuous-wave gravitational radiation from pulsar glitch recovery

Bennett

Eysden

Melatos

2010

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Nonaxisymmetric, meridional circulation inside a neutron star, excited by a glitch and persisting throughout the post-glitch relaxation phase, emits gravitational radiation. Here, it is shown that the current quadrupole contributes more strongly to the gravitational wave signal than the mass quadrupole evaluated in previous work. We calculate the signal-to-noise ratio for a coherent search and conclude that a large glitch may be detectable by second-generation interferometers like the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory. It is shown that the viscosity and compressibility of bulk nuclear matter, as well as the stratification length-scale and inclination angle of the star, can be inferred from a gravitational wave detection in principle.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA

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Nuclear Reactions

Bertulani

2015

Digital Encyclopedia of Applied Physics

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Nuclear reactions generate energy in nuclear reactors, in stars, and are responsible for the existence of all elements heavier than hydrogen in the universe. Nuclear reactions denote reactions between nuclei, and between nuclei and other fundamental particles, such as electrons and photons. A short description of the conservation laws and the definition of basic physical quantities is presented, followed by a more detailed account of specific cases: (a) formation and decay of compound nuclei; (b)direct reactions; (c) photon and electron scattering; (d) heavy ion collisions; (e) formation of a quark-gluon plasma; (f) thermonuclear reactions; (g) and reactions with radioactive beams. Whenever necessary, basic equations are introduced to help understand general properties of these reactions.

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Publisher’s Note:J/ψProduction versus Centrality, Transverse Momentum, and Rapidity inAu+AuCollisions atsN

Cited by 227 publications

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Quantum Brownian motion of a heavy quark pair in the quark-gluon plasma

Quantum Brownian motion of a heavy quark pair in the quark-gluon plasma

Continuous-wave gravitational radiation from pulsar glitch recovery

Nuclear Reactions

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