Publicité et transparence

Abstract

Le débat juridique et philosophique opposant Carl Schmitt à Hans Kelsen ne met pas seulement en scène deux conceptions du droit et de la représentation. Le thème de la visibilité politique y joue aussi un rôle primordial. Quelle différence tracer entre publicité politique et transparence, et quelles conséquences en tirer en termes de justification d’un régime politique ? Afin d’approfondir cette question, l’article retrace la critique schmittienne de la conception kelsénienne du droit et du principe de publicité. Il expose ensuite les traits principaux de la conception de la transparence que Schmitt entend substituer au principe de publicité. Il montre enfin que la réponse de Kelsen à Schmitt permet de dépasser les limites du texte schmittien et les difficultés rencontrées par l’État législateur parlementaire.

Implementing the Nagoya Protocol

“…These include botanical gardens (approximately 50 in Germany) and collections of micro-organisms 46 Deutsche (such as the DSMZ, the German collection of micro-organisms). For instance, botanical gardens in Germany acquire their material more often from exchange (58%), than from the wild (12%), purchases (18%) or other minor sources, such as private individuals (5%) and other sources (1%).48 d Codes of Conduct and Guidelines Despite the lack of national regulation until now, many of the bigger collections are implementing measures to comply with the CBD.…”

“…In Greek: «Περιβάλλον: το σύνολο των φυσικών και ανθρωπογενών παραγόντων και στοιχείων που βρίσκονται σε αλληλεπίδραση και επηρεάζουν την οικολογική ισορροπία, την ποιότητα της ζωής, την υγεία των κατοίκων, την ιστορική και πολιτιστική παράδοση και τις αισθητικές αξίες». 46 Framework-law 1650/1986 Article 28.2. 47 Ibid., Article 28.9.…”

“…A 2005 review of experience with ABS implementation in the UK concluded that this was adequate to meet the requirements of the CBD, 43 Smith but the laws applicable to ABS will need to be reviewed again to assess conformity with the Nagoya Protocol and related EU Regulation. 46 The CBD COP 5 requests parties to designate a national focal point (NFP) and one or more CNAs to take responsibility for ABS arrangements and provide information on those arrangements.47 The role of the NFP should be to provide information on ABS procedures in a particular country and identify those CNAs or stakeholders from whom prior informed consent may be needed. The UK established an NFP for ABS related issues under the International Biodiversity Policy Unit, Science Directorate of the Department for Environment and Rural Affairs (Defra).…”

“…Therefore, the fact that a subsidiary of a Danish company, based in another country, does not violate Section 3 of the Act user countries to control compliance with domestic legislation on PIC and TK, respectively Articles 15 and 16 of the Protocol. 46 On the relationship between the provisions of CBD on access to genetic resources and the Protocol, see Koester, "The Nagoya Protocol on ABS," 17-18. 47 The author, in general, refrains from suggesting amendments of the unofficial translation of the Danish ABS Act provided by the Danish Nature Agency.…”

“…See: http://www.fondationbiodiversite.fr/ images/stories/telechargement/ed_48_apa_outre_mer.pdf, p. 39. 46 Ibid. 47 DBL, Title IV, Article 24.…”