Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, 1899-1992

Guzman-Otero, Ruth I.

doi:10.3133/ofr93629

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Seasonal changes in the specific conductance of the springs in the Dorado to Arecibo area, which were monitored more closely, were minor and presumably parallel those in the regional upper aquifer as shown by several USGS studies conducted in the north coast limestone upper aquifer (Guzman-Otero, 1994). However, superimposed on these minor seasonal changes were short-term reductions in the specific conductance of some conduit-type springs associated with flow increases after large rainfall events.…”

Section: Springflowmentioning

confidence: 74%

Characterization of springflow in the north coast limestone of Puerto Rico using physical, chemical, and stable isotopic methods

Rodrı́guez-Martı́nez¹

1997

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The carbonate sequence of middle Tertiary age of the north coast of Puerto Rico is characterized by the presence of numerous springs in the coastal areas. In order to advance the understanding of the hydrologic role of the springs in the north coast limestone aquifer system of Puerto Rico, a 4-year study was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority. As part of this study, data were collected on the chemical, physical, bacteriological, oxygen-18, and deuterium composition of water from springs in the Dorado to Rincon area, in northwestern Puerto Rico. A group of springs in the Dorado to Arecibo area was selected for more detailed monitoring. Oxygen-18 and deuterium composition was also determined for water wells and monthly rainfall composites at a series of sites in the study area. Springs are associated with all the carbonate units of the middle Tertiary sequence of the northern karst belt of Puerto Rico, except the Camuy and San Sebastian Formations. These springs mostly drain the unconfined parts of the upper and lower aquifers in the north coast limestone aquifer system. There are no first and second order springs in the north coast limestone and of those present fifth and sixth order springs are the most numerous type. Springflow at the springs measured during the study ranged from less than 0.1 to 61 cubic feet per second. Springs in the north coast limestone can also be classified by their response to rainfall. There is little or no short-term response to rainfall at springs such as Ojo de Agua in Vega Baja, Mameyes in Manati, and Mackovic in Vega Alta. These springs are known as diffuse-type springs. Other springs such as Maguayo in Dorado, Ojo de Guillo in Manati, and San Pedro in Arecibo exhibit a strong short-term response to rainfall and are known as conduit-type springs. Spring water temperature, during the study, ranged from 22.5 to 28 °C and resembled air temperature. Specific conductance ranged from 289 to about 4,000 microsiemens per centimeter, and pH ranged from 6.9 to 7.8. Calcium, sodium, bicarbonate, and chloride are the main ionic species in water from the springs sampled during the study. The main water type is calcium-bicarbonate and secondary water types are calcium-bicarbonate-chloride and sodium-bicarbonate-chloride. A seasonal and short-term transient relation exists, particularly in conduit-type springs, between springflow, physical properties, and water quality. Temporal and spatial variations in the oxygen-18 and deuterium composition of modern precipitation are significantly larger than those of springs and ground water in the study area. Regional flow in the upper aquifer appears to attenuate or average the variations in isotopic composition of rainfall. There is, however, a regional gradient in the deuterium composition of water from the upper aquifer in the north coast limestone, with isotopically heavier water occurring further north. It was possible to determine the source of water contributing to springs at some...

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Section: Springflowmentioning

confidence: 74%

Characterization of springflow in the north coast limestone of Puerto Rico using physical, chemical, and stable isotopic methods

Rodrı́guez-Martı́nez¹

1997

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“…Coamo thermal spring (ThS) (18°02′16.6″N 66°22′27.6″W) is the warmest one. It is described as a sulfuric alkaline water with an average temperature of 43 °C [7]. Visitors from the local community and international origins often bathe in these waters due to its therapeutic cultural attributions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the microbial and functional diversity of Coamo thermal spring in Puerto Rico using metagenomic library generation and shotgun sequencing

2017

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In Puerto Rico, the microbial diversity of the thermal spring (ThS) in Coamo has never been studied using metagenomics. The focus of our research was to generate a metagenomic library from the ThS of Coamo, Puerto Rico and explore the microbial and functional diversity. The metagenomic library from the ThS waters was generated using direct DNA isolation. High molecular weight (40 kbp) DNA was end-repaired, electro eluted and ligated into a fosmid vector (pCCFOS1); then transduced into Escherichia coli EPI300-T1R using T1 bacteriophages. The library consisted of approximately 6000 clones, 90% containing metagenomic DNA. Next-Generation-Sequencing technology (Illumina MiSeq) was used to process the ThS metagenome. After removing the cloning vector, 122,026 sequences with 33.10 Mbps size and 64% of G + C content were annotated and analyzed using the MG-RAST online server. Bacteria showed to be the most abundant domain (95.84%) followed by unidentified sequences (2.28%), viruses (1.67%), eukaryotes (0.15%), and archaea (0.01%). The most abundant phyla were Proteobacteria (95.03%), followed by unidentified (2.28%), unclassified from viruses (1.74%), Firmicutes (0.20%) and Actinobacteria (0.18%). The most abundant species were Escherichia coli, Polaromonas naphthalenivorans, Albidiferax ferrireducens and Acidovorax sp. Subsystem functional analysis showed that 20% of genes belong to transposable elements, 10% to clustering-based subsystems, and 8% to the production of cofactors. Functional analysis using NOG annotation showed that 82.79% of proteins are poorly characterized indicating the possibility of novel microbial functions and with potential biomedical and biotechnological applications. Metagenomic data was deposited into the NCBI database under the accession number SAMN06131862.

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Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, 1899-1992

Cited by 2 publications

References 32 publications

Characterization of springflow in the north coast limestone of Puerto Rico using physical, chemical, and stable isotopic methods

Characterization of springflow in the north coast limestone of Puerto Rico using physical, chemical, and stable isotopic methods

Unraveling the microbial and functional diversity of Coamo thermal spring in Puerto Rico using metagenomic library generation and shotgun sequencing

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