“…Completeness, correctness, consistency, and timeliness are required of any publication data used for evaluative metrics, however CRIS data requires relatively strong effort to ensure sufficiently rich and structured metadata on outputs including all types and languages (Azeroual & Schöpfel, 2019;Sīle et al, 2019). Self-reporting of outputs by researchers and/or other personnel may result in less than optimal coverage, findability, traceability, comparability and reproducibility of CRIS data (Bosman & Kramer, 2019;van Leeuwen et al, 2016). Institutional incentives and requirements for reporting, as well as data-collection guidelines and communities for dedicated data-collection personnel, are important means to promote the quality and comprehensiveness of CRIS data (Pölönen et al, 2020b;Sivertsen, 2019).…”