Public Private Partnerships in food industries: A road to success?

Profile of inspectors and protocols applied to imported food in inspections stations

“…The responsibility of the authorities and operators lies mainly in food safety and traceability, to prevent the occurrence of outbreak and loss of consumer confidence. It has been identified by Rouvière and Royer () that these organizations require an adaptability that adjusts to agrifood operating processes and facilities, in order to maintain them current, reliable, and economically attractive program.…”

Contract Design for Enhancing Green Food Material Production Effort with Asymmetric Supply Cost Information

“…Basically, in a food supply chain, green efforts include processes for food safety guarantees, energy saving, reduction of pesticide residues and solid wastes, and decrease of air pollution and water consumption [12,13]. Therefore, environmental performance is contributed to not only by food producers that commit themselves to green food production, but also suppliers who provide green materials [14][15][16]. However, food companies do not always have direct control of their suppliers, therefore, many downstream companies have lost their profits in food safety events due to their supplier's (upstream) irresponsibility, e.g., TESCO in the horse meat scandal [17], the 2008 Peanut Corporation of America salmonella outbreak, and the 2008 Chinese infant milk powder contaminated by melamine (a chemical used in plastic) [8].…”

Essays on meso-institutions: evidences from the dairy sector

“…The analysis of institutions as a structured system formed by layers is now a significant part of the research frontier in New Institutional Economics (Ménard, 2018). This recent improvement has been increasingly evolving around the link between the traditional perspectives of institutions and firms (Ménard, 2014, Rouviere and Royer, 2017. These studies have called attention to the fact that there is an intermediary level that is responsible for the connection between the institutional environment (macro-institutions hereafter) and the organizational arrangements (micro-institutions hereafter) (North, 1990a, Williamson, 1985, 1996.…”

“…While the relationship between macro-and micro-institutions is well grounded in the literature (North, 1990a, Williamson, 1985, 1996, recent studies about meso-institutions have underlined the importance of investigating these three layers, something which has been scarcely done. Starting with Ménard (2014), who conceived the meso-institution theoretical model, other studies have applied this approach to the water and food sectors through descriptive studies (Ménard, 2014, Rouviere and Royer, 2017. Moreover, although "...the mismatches among institutional layers... (and the potential gaps in their mutual adjustment) can be the source of major disruptions in economic activities, up to the point of challenging societal cohesion..." (Ménard, 2018, p. 7), a systematic conceptual framework exploring these three institutional layers is still lacking.…”

“…Similarly, Ménard et al (2018) pay attention to the way how macro-and meso-institutions are connected and how the latter interferes in policy implementation, either in the processes of policy-formulation or policy-operationalization. Rouviere and Royer (2017) use the meso-institution approach to explore the issue of food safety in cattle traceability in Quebec and pesticide residues in France. They compare the characteristics of public-private-partnerships, as meso-institutions, in terms of incentives alignment, information and enforcement exercised inside this meso-level institutional entity.…”