Public private partnerships and water and sanitation infrastructure development in Zimbabwe: what determines financing?

Abstract

Background Zimbabwe envisions being an upper-middle-income economy by the year 2030. The vision 2030 has infrastructure development as a stand-out pillar upon which it is founded. The vision envisages well-developed, modern, efficient and resilient infrastructure as paramount to Zimbabwe’s economic recovery. The policy plan seeks to increase infrastructure investments in energy, transport, information technology, tourism, housing, and water and sanitation. However, a still hesitant private sector exists with regard to investment in water and sanitation infrastructure even in developed countries. Thus, the study seeks to analyse determinants of financing water and sanitation public private partnerships in Zimbabwe given that there is no consensus between reseachers on how determinant factors impact PPP investments. Methods The study applied Tobit regression methodology on data collected for the 25 years ending 2021 to investigate determinants of financing water sanitation PPPs in Zimbabwe. Tobit regression method is preferred given the censored nature of the investment values of water and sanitation public private partnerships that reached financial closure in Zimbabwe. Results In Zimbabwe, financial market development is a key financing determinant of water and sanitation public private partnerships. Both the capital and bank market development influences infrastructure financing in Zimbabwe`s water and sanitation sector. Moreover, foreign direct investment negatively and significantly relates with water and sanitation public private partnership investments. Conclusion Attracting private investment into Zimbabwe`s water and sanitation sector requires that policy design targets capital and bank market development. Reforms can be achieved through putting in place sound frameworks that facilitate effective financial intermediation systems, enhance market liquidity and lower cost of capital.

Framework Model for Financing Sustainable Water and Sanitation Infrastructure in Zimbabwe

“…The VIF and ADF diagnostic test results are reported below, in Tables 2 and 3, respectively. As recommended by [69][70][71], to control for heteroskedasticity, robust standard errors were used. Seven models were estimated, and the results are summarised in Table 4.…”

Framework Model for Financing Sustainable Water and Sanitation Infrastructure in Zimbabwe

“…ADF and VIF diagnostics are reported under Appendix A. As recommended by [69][70][71], to control heteroskedasticity, robust standard errors are used.…”