Public policy supports and export performance of bioenergy technologies: A dynamic panel approach

Relationship Between Inflation and Real Economic Growth in Rwanda

“…Concerning Germany, Wagner (2014) maintains that detailed company characteristics should be worked out. Sousa et al (2008) and Sung (2015) have identified a strong demand for more research on developing countries (DC), such as the ones in SSA, since their share in world trade is increasing thus offering significant opportunities in the present and future global economic order.…”

Eco-Efficiency of Government Policy and Exports in the Bioenergy Technology Market

“…Second, the study sets up a model to test the relationship between eco-efficiency and exports by considering the three driving factors that influence the direction and robustness of the empirical results in the existing literature. In particular, we use export performance rather than other export competitiveness indexes based on Costantini and Crespi [25], Jha [10], Sung and Song [23], and Sung [12], which show that export performance is significantly affected by public policy. We also set up dynamic models following Hirshleifer and coworkers' [64] argument that it takes time for a firm's performance growth to become evident following the enhancement of eco-efficiency.…”

“…To estimate eco-efficiency, we use two policy input factors, namely technology-push and demand-pull activities [2,53], and two output factors, namely innovation outcomes [25,27,64] and the reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions [61,62]. Moreover, R&D expenditure, the contribution of bioenergy to total energy supply, and the number of patent applications are the respective proxies for technology-push policy [12,23,25,70], demand-pull policy [12,23], and innovation outcomes [27,71,72].…”

“…, where δ (the depreciation rate) is set at 10% and x (the time lag) is set at five years [12]. Previous studies such as Bointner [72], Bosetti et al [73], Jeon and Shin [74], Kobos et al [75], Popp et al [76], and Söderholm and Klaassen [77] find an appropriate depreciation rate of 2.5-20% with a 2-10-year R&D time lag for RE technologies.…”

“…The increased importance of government policy for the promotion of the renewable energy (RE) technology sector globally has created two research fields: an experimental setting for discussions about the efficiency of policy-the capacity of policy measures to induce continuous incentives for innovation creation (e.g., [2][3][4][5][6])-and empirical research into the link between government policy and exports (e.g., [7][8][9][10][11][12]). Although research on the measurement of the efficiency of government policy which originates from a dynamic industry model with heterogeneous firms [40] that focuses on the productivity premium derived from innovation in promoting export performance, states that export performance is positively affected by firm innovation.…”