Public policy and biofuels: The way forward?

Charles, Michael B.; Ryan, Rachel; Ryan, Neal; Oloruntoba, Richard

doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2007.06.008

Cited by 168 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The challenge will be to overcome the traditional division of labor in which low-income countries produce the biomass, while the crucial value addition through processing takes place in high-income biomass-dependent countries (Charles et al 2007). So many African low-income, but biomass-rich countries have the potential to not only meet their own future demand for biomass-based raw materials (including food) but also to provide high-income and often biomass-dependent countries with biomass (raw and processed) products.…”

Section: The Emerging Bioeconomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass-Based Value Webs: A Novel Perspective for Emerging Bioeconomies in Sub-Saharan Africa

Virchow

Beuchelt

Kuhn

et al. 2016

Technological and Institutional Innovations for Marginalized Smallholders in Agricultural Development

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Growing demand for increasingly diverse biomass-based products will transform African agriculture from a food-supplying to a biomass-supplying sector, including non-food agricultural produce, like feed, energy and industrial raw materials. As a result, agriculture will become the core part of a biomass-based economy, which has the potential not only to produce renewable biological resources but to convert this biomass into products for various uses. The emerging bioeconomy will intensify the interlinkages between biomass production, processing and trading. To depict these increasingly complex systems, adapted analytic approaches are needed. With the perspective of the "biomass-based value web" approach, a multi-dimensional methodology can be used to understand the interrelation between several value chains as a flexible, efficient and sustainable production, processing, trading and consumption system. Although there are examples in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in which countries have been able to improve their food and nutrition security significantly over the last decade (e.g., Ghana), the general trend in Africa is still worrisome. While both the share and the number of undernourished people worldwide declined in recent decades, SSA largely failed to follow this trend. The share of undernourished

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Section: The Emerging Bioeconomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass-Based Value Webs: A Novel Perspective for Emerging Bioeconomies in Sub-Saharan Africa

Virchow

Beuchelt

Kuhn

et al. 2016

Technological and Institutional Innovations for Marginalized Smallholders in Agricultural Development

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“…To date, such biofuels have been widely produced across several countries and continents, notably Brazil, South America, Europe, and the United States (Charles et al 2007;Mojoviä et al 2009); however, they have been produced from food-grade biomass, which could lead to critical concerns related to food security (Gronowska et al 2009). Therefore, it is very important to be able to produce biofuels from non-food resources such as ligno-cellulosic materials: wood chips, switch grasses and most importantly agricultural wastes, such as sugarcane bagasse, corn stover and rice straw.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Cracking of Pyrolysis Oil Derived from Rubberwood to Produce Green Gasoline Components

2015

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An attempt was made to generate gasoline-range aromatics from pyrolysis oil derived from rubberwood. Catalytic cracking of the pyrolysis oil was conducted using an HZSM-5 catalyst in a dual reactor. The effects of reaction temperature, catalyst weight, and nitrogen flow rate were investigated to determine the yield of organic liquid product (OLP) and the percentage of gasoline aromatics in the OLP. The results showed that the maximum OLP yield was about 13.6 wt%, which was achieved at 511 C, a catalyst weight of 3.2 g, and an N2 flow rate of 3 mL/min. The maximum percentage of gasoline aromatics was about 27 wt%, which was obtained at 595 C, a catalyst weight of 5 g, and an N2 flow rate of 3 mL/min. Although the yield of gasoline aromatics was low, the expected components were detected in the OLP, including benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylenes (BTEX). These findings demonstrated that green gasoline aromatics can be produced from rubberwood pyrolysis oil via zeolite cracking. University, Had Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand; * Corresponding author: sukritthira.b@psu.ac.th Keywords: Pyrolysis oil; Zeolite cracking; Organic liquid product (OLP); Green gasoline-range aromatics Contact information: Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla INTRODUCTIONBiomass represents a potential alternative source of energy, which is an important complement to fossil fuels. As such, it attracted significant attention as a renewable source of energy after the global oil crisis of the 1970s (Demirbas 2007;Lucia 2008;Demirbas et al. 2009). In addition, biomass currently is considered to be the only sustainable source that can be used to produce energy-related products, including electricity, heat, and valuable chemicals such as resins, flavorings, and other materials (Huber et al. 2006;Dodds and Gross 2007).The first generation of biofuels were primarily bioethanol and biodiesel made from sugar, starch, and vegetable oil. To date, such biofuels have been widely produced across several countries and continents, notably Brazil, South America, Europe, and the United States (Charles et al. 2007;Mojoviä et al. 2009); however, they have been produced from food-grade biomass, which could lead to critical concerns related to food security (Gronowska et al. 2009). Therefore, it is very important to be able to produce biofuels from non-food resources such as ligno-cellulosic materials: wood chips, switch grasses and most importantly agricultural wastes, such as sugarcane bagasse, corn stover and rice straw.Pyrolysis oils derived from wood-based biomass are one of the most promising renewable fuels. They are environmentally-friendly candidates because they contain a low content of sulfur compared to fossil-derived oils (Czernik and Bridgwater 2004). Recently, extensive attention has been focused on the technology of fast pyrolysis rather than slow pyrolysis, as the former produces high yield of pyrolysis oil with low water content in a PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLE bioresources.com Saad et al. (2015). "Cr...

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“…Bamboo is fast growing, develops dense stands of vegetation, matures in between 4 -7 years and can be harvested for as many as 40 -80 years ) [2]. Therefore, bamboo offers an opportunity to bridge the energy demand which is currently limited due to the increasing population and associated development bearing in mind that biomass energy is still a major source of energy in Kenya (Charles et al, 2007) [18]. However, for such a programme to be implemented, the resource requires to be managed, which may significantly increase the supply and address problems of wood resource shortage in the country (Shanmughavel, 1997) [12].…”

Section: The Energy Resource Of the Bamboo Forestmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass Energy Resource of the Highland Bamboo (<i>Yushania alpina</i>) and Its Potential for Sustainable Exploitation in Southern Aberdares Forest

Katumbi¹,

Kinyanjui²,

Kimondo³

et al. 2017

JSBS

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Yushania alpina is the only bamboo species native to Kenya and covers about 150,000 ha growing in pure or mixed stands in the montane forests. The Aberdare forest is one of the natural habitats for Y. alpine occupying an area of 6419 ha mainly in the water catchment areas. The growing human population and depletion of other forest resources have necessitated the exploration of Y. alpine as a source of energy. This paper assessed the quantity of Y. alpine available for biomass energy and its potential for sustainable exploitation. Plots were laid on area maps to cater for altitude and distance from farms. The study area was stratified into three altitudinal zones: A (2220 -2330 m), B (2331 -2440 m) and C (2441 -2550 m). The initial sampling plot of 10 m × 10 m was located randomly 500 m from the edge of the forest while the subsequent plots were laid out systematically at intervals of 500 m. In each plot, a total enumeration and biomass estimation of bamboo clumps were done using Muchiri and Muga (2013) [1] method. Bamboo samples and those of commonly used biomass energy sources were analysed for calorific value using bomb calorimeter. In addition, data for quantities of biomass energy used by some local industries were used to estimate the amount of bamboo required. The mean stocking was 19,981 (20,000) culms ha −1 , and varied significantly among altitude strata and distance from adjacent farms. The mean biomass density and energy content were 86 tons/ha and 380,893 Kca/ha respectively with the higher altitudinal stratum (zone C) having the highest means (114 tons/ha) while the lower stratum (zone A) had the lowest (65 tons/ha). The This implies that the bamboo forest in its present stocking can provide biomass energy for these local industries for more than five years. With bamboo maturing with less than five years, the forest can sustainably provide the required energy while still providing its environmental services.

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Public policy and biofuels: The way forward?

Cited by 168 publications

References 48 publications

Biomass-Based Value Webs: A Novel Perspective for Emerging Bioeconomies in Sub-Saharan Africa

Biomass-Based Value Webs: A Novel Perspective for Emerging Bioeconomies in Sub-Saharan Africa

Catalytic Cracking of Pyrolysis Oil Derived from Rubberwood to Produce Green Gasoline Components

Biomass Energy Resource of the Highland Bamboo (<i>Yushania alpina</i>) and Its Potential for Sustainable Exploitation in Southern Aberdares Forest

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Public policy and biofuels: The way forward?

Cited by 168 publications

References 48 publications

Biomass-Based Value Webs: A Novel Perspective for Emerging Bioeconomies in Sub-Saharan Africa

Biomass-Based Value Webs: A Novel Perspective for Emerging Bioeconomies in Sub-Saharan Africa

Catalytic Cracking of Pyrolysis Oil Derived from Rubberwood to Produce Green Gasoline Components

Biomass Energy Resource of the Highland Bamboo (&lt;i&gt;Yushania alpina&lt;/i&gt;) and Its Potential for Sustainable Exploitation in Southern Aberdares Forest

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Product

Resources

About

Biomass Energy Resource of the Highland Bamboo (<i>Yushania alpina</i>) and Its Potential for Sustainable Exploitation in Southern Aberdares Forest