Public knowledge of ‘concussion’ and the different terminology used to communicate about mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI)

McKinlay, Audrey; Bishop, A; McLellan, Tracey

doi:10.3109/02699052.2011.579935

Cited by 87 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Athletes value the opinions of their teammates and parents, 31 and reporting a mental illness or concussion symptom is often associated with a stigma. 33 Lack of reporting due to being perceived as weak by teammates may suggest that male athletes are more likely than female athletes to fear being stigmatized for seeking help. Similar findings have been demonstrated in male collegiate football players seeking psychological help.…”

Section: Concussion-reporting Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in High School Athletes' Knowledge of Sport-Related Concussion Symptoms and Reporting Behaviors

Wallace

Covassin

Beidler

2017

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context: Recent researchers have reported that athletes' knowledge of sport-related concussion (SRC) has increased but that athletes still lack knowledge of all the signs and symptoms of SRC. Understanding the signs and symptoms of SRC and the dangers of playing while symptomatic are critical to reporting behaviors in high school athletes.Objective: To examine sex differences in knowledge of SRC symptoms and reasons for not reporting a suspected SRC to an authoritative figure in high school athletes.Design: Cross-sectional study. 2%]).Main Outcome Measure(s): A validated knowledge-of-SRC survey consisted of demographic questions, a list of 21 signs and symptoms of SRC, and reasons why athletes would not report their SRC. The independent variable was sex. Athlete knowledge of SRC symptoms was assessed by having participants identify the signs and symptoms of SRC from a list of 21 symptoms. Knowledge scores were calculated by summing the number of correct answers; scores ranged from 0 to 21, with a score closer to 21 representing greater knowledge. Reporting-behavior questions asked athletes to choose reasons why they decided not to report any possible SRC signs and symptoms to an authoritative figure.Results: A sex difference in total SRC symptom knowledge was found (F 286 ¼ 4.97, P ¼ .03, d ¼ 0.26). Female high school athletes had more total SRC symptom knowledge (mean 6 standard deviation ¼ 15.06 6 2.63; 95% confidence interval ¼ 14.54, 15.57) than males (14.36 6 2.76; 95% confidence interval ¼ 13.97, 14.74). Chi-square tests identified significant relationships between sex and 8 different reasons for not reporting an SRC.Conclusions: High school males and females had similar SRC symptom knowledge; however, female athletes were more likely to report their concussive symptoms to an authoritative figure.Key Words: mild traumatic brain injuries, secondary school, sport culture Key PointsHigh school males and females had similar concussion knowledge, but females were more likely to use that knowledge to report a sport-related concussion. Males were 4 to 11 times more likely than females to not report a sport-related concussion for reasons focused on the reactions and perceptions of others. Large percentages of male and female athletes did not report a sport-related concussion because they did not think it was serious. Theory-based interventions are warranted to overcome the stigmas associated with the male sport culture.

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Section: Concussion-reporting Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in High School Athletes' Knowledge of Sport-Related Concussion Symptoms and Reporting Behaviors

Wallace

Covassin

Beidler

2017

Journal of Athletic Training

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“…These instructions referenced mTBI, as opposed to other diagnoses because this term is regarded as more ''alarming'' to patients and their families than other diagnostic terms. 25 Because of the possibility that the difference in the findings in the DT literature could be due to instruction variation, the absence of a precedent for DT-reduced instructions, and our desire to match these instructions on secondary parameters, a pilot process was used to refine the DT and DT-reduced instructions and match these instructions on their perceived effectiveness. This piloting process involved 100 participants (84% female) between ages 17 and 70 years (M age = 31.59 years; SD = 11.77) drawn from those individuals who were ineligible to continue from the initial recruitment pool.…”

Section: Instruction Sets and Pilot Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…23,24 A related, and to the best of our knowledge, not previously articulated possible explanation is that the groups with whom participants are asked to identify are different; for example, some threat instructions require participants to identify with the stereotype of a head injured 24 or concussed individual; 21 yet, the negative expectations associated with these terms have been shown to be significantly different. [25][26][27] While it remains difficult to identify the reasons for these discrepancies in the DT literature, this research could be advanced by further studies that extend the test of this concept and address the methodological limitations of past studies. For example, none of the past DT studies have controlled for pre-existing injury expectations (or stereotypes), yet this factor is the subject of the experimental manipulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Varied Test Instructions on Neuropsychological Performance following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: An Investigation of “Diagnosis Threat”

Blaine

Sullivan

Edmed

2013

Journal of Neurotrauma

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Diagnosis threat is a psychosocial factor that has been proposed to contribute to poor outcomes following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). This threat is thought to impair the cognitive test performance of individuals with mTBI because of negative injury stereotypes. University students (N = 45, 62.2% female) with a history of mTBI were randomly allocated to a diagnosis threat (DT; n = 15), reduced threat (DT-reduced; n = 15), or neutral (n = 15) group. The reduced threat condition invoked a positive stereotype (i.e., that people with mTBI can perform well on cognitive tests). All participants were given neutral instructions before they completed baseline tests of objective cognitive function across a number of domains, psychological symptoms, and PCS symptoms, including self-reported cognitive and emotional difficulties. Participants then received either neutral, DT, or DT-reduced instructions before repeating the tests. Results were analyzed using separate mixed model analysis of variances (ANOVAs); one for each dependent measure. The only significant result was for the 2 · 3 ANOVA on an objective test of attention/working memory, Digit Span ( p < 0.05), such that the DTreduced group performed better than the other groups, which were not different from each other. Although not consistent with predictions or earlier DT studies, the absence of group differences on most tests fits with several recent DT findings. The results of this study suggest that it is timely to reconsider the role of DT as a unique contributor to poor mTBI outcome.

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“…Further, brain injury, head injury, and concussion may be viewed as separate injuries due to the interchangeable usage of these terms (McKinlay, Bishop, & McLellan, 2011). A concussion must be recognized as a TBI and receive prompt, appropriate medical attention to ensure optimal recovery (Wright, 2014).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Traumatic brain injury : investigating misconceptions among graduate students in physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech-language pathology.

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Public knowledge of ‘concussion’ and the different terminology used to communicate about mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI)

Abstract: Overall, public knowledge about concussion and different terminology associated with this injury type is substantially inaccurate. More accurate information is required to increase understanding.

Cited by 87 publications

References 18 publications

Sex Differences in High School Athletes' Knowledge of Sport-Related Concussion Symptoms and Reporting Behaviors

Sex Differences in High School Athletes' Knowledge of Sport-Related Concussion Symptoms and Reporting Behaviors

The Effect of Varied Test Instructions on Neuropsychological Performance following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: An Investigation of “Diagnosis Threat”

Traumatic brain injury : investigating misconceptions among graduate students in physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech-language pathology.

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