Public Health Significance of Paralytic Shellfish Poison

McFarren, Earl F.; Schäfer, Mary L.; Campbell, J. E.; Lewis, Keith H.; Jensen, Eugene T.; Schantz, Edward J.

doi:10.1016/s0065-2628(08)60137-8

Cited by 49 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Structural variations occur at position 1 (hydrogen or hydroxy group) and at position 11 (sulfate groups). The carbamoyl group at position 6 can also be replaced by a hydroxy group or a N-sulfocarbamoyl group [6]. Three modifications of azaspirazids (Figure lc) have been described; these vary at R1 and R2, which can be a hydrogen or a methyl group [7] bound to the polyether basic structure [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous analysis of different algal toxins by LC-MS

et al. 2002

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Key WordsColumn liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning Amnesic shellfish poisoning Brevetoxins and pectenotoxins Spirohdes and gymnodimine SummaryA method is proposed for the simultaneous determination of amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) toxin, diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins, spirohdes, azaspiracids (AZP), pectenotoxins (PTX), brevetoxins (PbTx), and gymnodimine. After extraction of all these toxins with one solvent only the crude extract is subjected directly to reversed-phase LC-MS with atmospheric-pressure ionization.The method was applied to bulk plankton samples obtained during a research cruise off the east coast of Scotland in May 2000. Contamination of plankton samples from one spot with different toxins from a va riel",/of g rou ps was determined.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous analysis of different algal toxins by LC-MS

et al. 2002

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“…In contrast, it has been reported that oral administration of a sublethal dose of saxitoxin decreased the toxicity of a subsequent dose given 14 days later [79]. …”

Section: Hazard Characterisation Of Shellfish Toxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Assessment of Shellfish Toxins

Munday

Reeve

2013

Toxins

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Complex secondary metabolites, some of which are highly toxic to mammals, are produced by many marine organisms. Some of these organisms are important food sources for marine animals and, when ingested, the toxins that they produce may be absorbed and stored in the tissues of the predators, which then become toxic to animals higher up the food chain. This is a particular problem with shellfish, and many cases of poisoning are reported in shellfish consumers each year. At present, there is no practicable means of preventing uptake of the toxins by shellfish or of removing them after harvesting. Assessment of the risk posed by such toxins is therefore required in order to determine levels that are unlikely to cause adverse effects in humans and to permit the establishment of regulatory limits in shellfish for human consumption. In the present review, the basic principles of risk assessment are described, and the progress made toward robust risk assessment of seafood toxins is discussed. While good progress has been made, it is clear that further toxicological studies are required before this goal is fully achieved.

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“…0-11.6 For a comparison of susceptibility among different animals, only one report is available. The oral LD 50 values for several species of warm-blooded animals were examined by McFarren et al (1960) as shown in Table 12. Not much difference was observed among the mammals tested.…”

Section: Toxicity Following Oral Administrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine biotoxins in shellfish – Saxitoxin group

2009

EFS2

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Public Health Significance of Paralytic Shellfish Poison

Cited by 49 publications

References 27 publications

Simultaneous analysis of different algal toxins by LC-MS

Simultaneous analysis of different algal toxins by LC-MS

Risk Assessment of Shellfish Toxins

Marine biotoxins in shellfish – Saxitoxin group

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