Public Health Law

Gostin, Lawrence O.; Wiley, Lindsay F.

doi:10.1525/9780520958586

Cited by 76 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…We extracted data from the World Bank and International Telecommunication Union (ITU) databases for the period from 2000 to 2016. These were de-identified information aggregated per country and published at the end of each year, qualifying it for an Institutional Review Board exemption [20]. This study included all countries in Africa except South Sudan, whose data was incomplete for analytics.…”

Section: Data Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Information and Communication Technology Diffusion on HIV and Tuberculosis Health Outcomes among African Health Systems

et al. 2020

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Debate regarding the impact of information and communication technology (ICT) on health outcomes has prompted researchers to conduct analyses across many parts of the globe, yet, still little is known about the ICT impact in the African continent. Using a robust multivariate approach, this study examined system-wide impact of ICT diffusion on multiple health outcomes for HIV and tuberculosis among sovereign countries of Africa. This study utilized longitudinal panel data from the World Bank and International Telecommunication Union databases between 2000 and 2016. We relied on a robust linear dynamic panel model to incorporate lagged time variables to estimate the relationships between ICT infrastructure (mobile phone use, internet access, and fixed-telephone subscriptions) and HIV and tuberculosis outcomes. Econometric analyses found that the coefficients of the aggregate ICT variables were all negative (except for fixed telephones) for tuberculosis health measures and HIV prevalence, and positive for access to antiretroviral therapy. The diffusion of mobile phones and internet was associated with decreased incidence of tuberculosis, HIV prevalence, and tuberculosis mortality rates. However, increased diffusion of these three ICT tools was associated with increased access to antiretroviral therapy. Thus, African governments should identify investment strategies for adopting and implementing ICT to improve population health outcomes.

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Section: Data Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Information and Communication Technology Diffusion on HIV and Tuberculosis Health Outcomes among African Health Systems

et al. 2020

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“…Governments can justify public health laws restricting behavior when those behaviors might harm (1) others (as part of the social contract), (2) particularly those who are incapacitated, and (3) oneself; the latter is defined as paternalism. 13 Those who place fetuses in the first 2 categories can find legal justification for restricting autonomy and privacy in childbirth. However, such efforts are ethically suspect because public health professionals do not define pregnant clients and fetuses as separate individuals with competing rights and interests.…”

Section: Permissibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Where burdens disproportionately affect some individuals or groups, they should be offset by resources to redress the harms and losses they cause. 9,13 The section on public participation will address the limited role of mutual exchange in midwifery regulation. However, it is clear that criminalization of direct entry midwifery practice imposes undue burdens and harms.…”

Section: Reciprocitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adoption of ineffective methods in lieu of more beneficial strategies has a negative effect on community health. 13 By reducing health care costs, widespread licensing of midwives could free up resources for preventive care and the social determinants of health. 11,19 It is also important to consider the opportunity costs of midwifery criminalization for the criminal justice system.…”

Section: Responsible Use Of Scarce Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Public Health Ethics Analysis of the Criminalization of Direct Entry Midwifery

DeJoy

2020

J Midwife Womens Health

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Multiple types of midwives practice in the United States, but regulation of midwifery practice varies by state. In some states, direct entry midwifery practice is unregulated or criminalized. Because regulations are the most burdensome of the public health interventions, they require the most stringent ethical critique. This article uses the most recent Public Health Code of Ethics to analyze the ethics of regulations that criminalize direct entry midwifery practice. The Code establishes 8 criteria for ethical actions: (1) permissibility, (2) respect, (3) reciprocity, (4) effectiveness, (5) responsible use of scarce resources, (6) proportionality, (7) accountability and transparency, and (8) public participation. Laws that criminalize direct entry midwifery practice violate all of these criteria and therefore cannot be considered an ethical approach to the state's duty to safeguard public health. The remedy for this problem is for all states to license and regulate all types of midwives that meet international standards of education and training.

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“…Chapters in this section focus on aspects like the interaction between non-profit healthcare organisations and the law, 12 antitrust enforcement and healthcare competition, 13 employment-based healthcare insurance, 14 the interactions between public and private healthcare insurance, 15 healthcare rationing, 16 and approaches to public health. 17 It also includes chapters on biomedical research 18 and, in particular, the legal regulation of drugs, biologics and medical devices in the US. 19 Part 4 on "The Health Law Frontier" concludes the Handbook.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Oxford Handbook of US Health Law IG Cohen, AK Hoffman and WM Sage (eds) Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017, 1232pp

Smith

2020

Eur. j. risk regul.

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Public Health Law

Cited by 76 publications

References 0 publications

Impact of Information and Communication Technology Diffusion on HIV and Tuberculosis Health Outcomes among African Health Systems

Impact of Information and Communication Technology Diffusion on HIV and Tuberculosis Health Outcomes among African Health Systems

A Public Health Ethics Analysis of the Criminalization of Direct Entry Midwifery

The Oxford Handbook of US Health Law IG Cohen, AK Hoffman and WM Sage (eds) Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017, 1232pp

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