Public health and the development of infant mortality in Germany, 1875–1930

Vögele, Jörg; Woelk, Wolfgang

doi:10.1016/s1081-602x(02)00128-8

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Its demographic expansion exceeded its infrastructure, causing a deterioration in its hygiene and housing conditions (Porras-Gallo 2002). Between 1916 and 1926, Madrid was characterized by high infant and child mortality, with levels higher than those in Glasgow, Edinburgh, and towns in Prussia, Belgium, Sweden and the United States during the same period (Cage and Foster 2003; Vögele and Woelk 2002; Debuisson 2001; Helgertz and Önnerfors 2019; Eriksson et al 2018). Madrid’s vulnerability was quite evident in the early 20th century, when the brutal waves of Spanish influenza from April 1918 to April 1919 and November 1919 to February 1920 (Cilek et al 2018) did not interrupt but rather slowed down the mortality transition (Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Weaning was consequently a dangerous transition that opened a new period of life that saw young children facing new threats (Preston et al 1994; Reid 2002; Thornton and Olson 2011). Particularly, in an urban context under strong demographic pressure, water of poor quality and spoilt animal milk could result in deadly digestive diseases (Olson and Thornton 2011; Preston and Haines, 1991; Vögele and Woelk 2002). This was especially the case when hot temperatures increased viral proliferation (Reher and Sanz-Gimeno 2006; Van Poppel et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immigration, Poverty, and Infant and Child Mortality in the City of Madrid, 1916–1926

Mazzoni

Fariñas²

2023

Soc. sci. hist.

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In this paper, we study differential infant and child mortality according to the origin of the mothers, natives of Madrid or immigrants, between 1916 and 1926. From 1880 to 1939, Madrid experienced spectacular demographic growth, with a massive influx of immigrants, mainly from the Castilian Plateau. Using the city’s records of births and deaths, which we linked for the study period, we demonstrate an important spatial heterogeneity in infant and child mortality across the city. Although the development of the town was planned in the 1860s, the infrastructure and the real estate market were overwhelmed by the continuous arrival of new inhabitants. Moreover, major investments in public health increased the gap between the wealthy districts and peripheral areas. These improvements deepened inequality. During years marked by the waves of the influenza pandemic, we isolate the impact of poverty, which threatened the survival of newborns through poor nutrition, deficient hygienic infrastructures and deplorable housing conditions. Such features explain the impressive association between summer and the risk of dying from enteritis, diarrhea and other diseases of the same type among weaned children. However, the mortality differentials between the offspring of native and migrant mothers were surprisingly small, which we explained in terms of behavioral adaptation to the large city and its mass society.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immigration, Poverty, and Infant and Child Mortality in the City of Madrid, 1916–1926

Mazzoni

Fariñas²

2023

Soc. sci. hist.

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“…Others have questioned the importance of the role of nutrition in mortality decline and concluded that the public health movement working through local governments should be seen as the leading force behind the decline in mortality in the late 19th and 20th centuries (Szreter, 1998). History of the Family 11 (2006) 19 -26 In many European countries, mortality declined rapidly in the second half of the 19th century and the first decades of the 20th century (Vögele & Woelke, 2000). By comparison, infant mortality rates (IMR) at the turn of the 19th century were lower in Sweden than in Germany, France, the Netherlands, and England and Wales.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentials in overall and cause-specific mortality among infants born in and out of wedlock, Stockholm 1878–1925

Macassa

Öberg

Bernhardt

et al. 2006

The History of the Family

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This study investigates differentials in the decline of cause-specific infant mortality by marital status of the mother in Stockholm and factors contributing to the explanation of these differentials using computerized records of individual entries from the Roteman Archives. Included in the analysis were 120,094 children less than 1 year of age who lived in Södermalm during this period. Cause-specific mortality rates were calculated for three time periods. Cox's regression analysis was used to study the relationship between overall and cause-specific risk of infant death and of being born in and out of wedlock in relation to a set of variables. Infant mortality rates and mortality risks were higher among children born out of rather than in wedlock. The most pronounced differentials in cause-specific mortality rates between these groups of children were seen in cases of diarrhea. The socioeconomic status of the household head and number of children in the household were statistically significant with infant mortality, but explain only part of the excess mortality risk of children born out of wedlock. In Stockholm at the turn of the 19th century being born out of wedlock was strongly associated with poor health outcomes, particularly in diarrheal diseases, pneumonia/bronchitis, and immaturity/congenital causes.

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Bibliography

2007

A Companion to Nineteenth-Century Europe

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Public health and the development of infant mortality in Germany, 1875–1930

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Immigration, Poverty, and Infant and Child Mortality in the City of Madrid, 1916–1926

Immigration, Poverty, and Infant and Child Mortality in the City of Madrid, 1916–1926

Differentials in overall and cause-specific mortality among infants born in and out of wedlock, Stockholm 1878–1925

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