Public Expenditure in Latin America: Trends and Key Policy Issues

Clements, Benedict; Faircloth, Christopher A.; Verhoeven, Marijn

doi:10.5089/9781451865851.001

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…5) Financování neproduktivních výdajů prostřednictvím distorzních daní bude mít jednoznačně negativní vliv na růst. (Clements, Faircloth, Verhoeven, 2007), stejně tak jako úvahy o průměrné míře přizpůsobení se vládních výdajů v daném období jejich dlouhodobě ustálenému poměru (Arpaia, Turrini, 2008).…”

Section: Přehled Literaturyunclassified

Government Expenditures and Taxes Influence on the Economic Growth (Empirical Analysis)

Izák¹

2011

Politicka ekonomie

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Současná krize veřejných fi nancí v řadě vyspělých zemí, včetně Eurozony, má být řešena v prvé řadě především snížením veřejných výdajů a to zejména výdajů mandatorní povahy. Druhý možný způsob snížení rozpočtových defi citů, zvýšení daní, má být aplikován pouze v nezbytném a omezeném rozsahu. A to hlavně zvýšením nepří-mých daní, zejména ze spotřeby, případně rozšířením ekologických daní.Situace je o to složitější, že prognózy demografi ckého vývoje naznačují nárůst výdajů spjatých se stárnutím obyvatelstva -hlavně penze a zdravotní péče. Tlaky na udržitelnost veřejných fi nancí se tak budou v příštích desetiletích zvyšovat. Mezi nejvíce ohrožené země patří nejen postsocialistické země jako Slovinsko, Maďarsko a Česká republika, ale i členové Eurozony Španělsko, Irsko, Kypr a Belgie.Snahou aparátu Evropské komise je v těchto měsících především důraz na stabilitu veřejných fi nancí s tím, že škrty ve veřejných výdajích by neměly příliš ohrožovat ekonomický růst a zaměstnanost. Kvalita veřejných výdajů nemůže být ztrácena ze zřetele. Výzkumy evropských statistiků dokumentují odlišné vlivy jednotlivých kategorií veřejných výdajů na ekonomický růst a efektivnost. Především výdaje na vzdělání, vědu a výzkum, veřejné investice, zdravotní péči a aktivní politiku zaměstnanosti mají pozitivní vliv na růst, pokud ovšem nejsou příliš vysoké. Na opačném spektru jsou úrokové náklady dluhu, které jsou vždy jen břemenem ekonomiky.V předloženém příspěvku zkoumáme dopady různých typů vládních výdajů a daní na ekonomický růst. Na rozdíl od většiny studií bereme v úvahu vládní rozpočtové omezení, zdůrazňující vzájemné vazby daní, výdajů a rozpočtové bilance. Po přehledu relevantní světové literatury následuje v sekci 3 rozbor vztahu vládních výdajů a daní

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Section: Přehled Literaturyunclassified

Government Expenditures and Taxes Influence on the Economic Growth (Empirical Analysis)

Izák¹

2011

Politicka ekonomie

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“…In a few cases (Chile, Brazil) the rate of extreme poverty was cut, but in all cases, despite recourse to an anti-poverty program following the PWC, government spending was relatively regressive. In only one case (Venezuela) is per capita PSE greater today than it was in 2000 in the vortex of a widespread crisis and a zero growth (Clements, Faircloth and Verhoeven, 2007). In many cases social programs and government spending was allocated so as to distribute more benefits to the richest stratum of households and the well to do than to the working class and the poor.…”

Section: The State Of Us Relations In Latin America In the Current mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neoliberalism and the Dynamics of Capitalist Development in Latin America

Petras¹,

Veitmeyer²

2010

Globalization in the 21st Century

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An analysis of the dynamics of capitalist development over the last two decades has been overshadowed by an all too prevalent "globalization" discourse. It appears that much of the Left has bought into this discourse, tacitly accepting globalization as an irresistible fact and that in many ways it is progressive, needing only for the corporate agenda to be derailed and an abandonment of neoliberalism. This is certainly the case in Latin America where the Left has focused its concern almost exclusively on the bankruptcy of "neoliberalism", with reference to the agenda pursued and package of policy reforms implemented by virtually every government in the region by the dint of ideology if not the demands of the global capital or political opportunism. In this concern, imperialism and capitalism per se, as opposed to neoliberalism, have been pushed off the agenda, and as a result, excepting Chavéz's Bolivarian Revolution, the project of building socialism has virtually disappeared as an object of theory and practice.In this paper we would like to contribute towards turning this around-to resurrect the socialist project; to do so by deconstructing the discourse on "neoliberal globalization" and reconstructing the actual contemporary dynamics of capitalist development.1

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“…2 Starting with Gavin and Perotti (1997), an important literature has shown the region's propensity towards procyclical behavior (Kaminsky et al 2004;Akitoby et al 2006;Clements et al 2007;Klemm 2014). 3 To use Frankel et al's (2012) terminology, "graduation" from fiscal procyclicality has not been unique to several LAC countries over the last decade, but rather a feature of the developing world in general.…”

Section: Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Fiscal Balances in Latin America and the Caribbean: New Dataset and Estimations

Ardanaz

Corbacho²,

Gonzales³

et al. 2015

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work is licensed under a Creative Commons IGO 3.0 Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives (CC-IGO BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO) license (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo/legalcode) and may be reproduced with attribution to the IDB and for any noncommercial purpose, as provided below. No derivative work is allowed.Any dispute related to the use of the works of the IDB that cannot be settled amicably shall be submitted to arbitration pursuant to the UNCITRAL rules. The use of the IDB's name for any purpose other than for attribution, and the use of IDB's logo shall be subject to a separate written license agreement between the IDB and the user and is not authorized as part of this CC-IGO license.Following a peer review process, and with previous written consent by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), a revised version of this work may also be reproduced in any academic journal, including those indexed by the American Economic Association's EconLit, provided that the IDB is credited and that the author(s) receive no income from the publication. Therefore, the restriction to receive income from such publication shall only extend to the publication's author(s). With regard to such restriction, in case of any inconsistency between the Creative Commons IGO 3.0 Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives license and these statements, the latter shall prevail.Note that link provided above includes additional terms and conditions of the license.The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Inter-American Development Bank, its Board of Directors, or the countries they represent.http://www.iadb.org 2015 Abstract * In recent years, an increasing number of countries have began anchoring their fiscal policy frameworks in terms of rules that target the cyclically adjusted or structural (as opposed to actual) balance in an effort to overcome problems of procyclicality and fiscal volatility. The logic for doing so is in principle compelling: rule-based fiscal policies allow automatic stabilizers to work freely during the cycle and help accumulate fiscal surpluses in good times. However, the estimation of structural balances is subject to a number of methodological challenges, including the degree of estimation uncertainty. This paper presents a range of estimates of the structural budget balance and uses them to analyze the cyclical behavior of fiscal policy in Latin America and the Caribbean. Based on an original dataset comprising detailed fiscal information from 20 countries across the region between 1990 and 2013 ** , the paper finds that the range of estimates can be large for some countries, especially those that derive substantial fiscal revenue from commodity-related activities. In addition, the evidence shows that on average, the region has followed a procyclical policy pattern: a 1 percent increase in the output gap is associated with up to a 0.66 percentage point deterioration in the structural primary balance. This pattern hides substanti...

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Public Expenditure in Latin America: Trends and Key Policy Issues

Cited by 22 publications

References 17 publications

Government Expenditures and Taxes Influence on the Economic Growth (Empirical Analysis)

Government Expenditures and Taxes Influence on the Economic Growth (Empirical Analysis)

Neoliberalism and the Dynamics of Capitalist Development in Latin America

Structural Fiscal Balances in Latin America and the Caribbean: New Dataset and Estimations

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