Public Conceptions of Mental Illness in 1950 and 1996: What Is Mental Illness and Is It to be Feared?

Phelan, Jo C.; Link, Bruce G.; Stueve, Ann; Pescosolido, Bernice A.

doi:10.2307/2676305

Cited by 539 publications

(386 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Second, a majority of individuals indicate a personal familiarity; about half report knowing someone with a mental health problem or who had used some kind of treatment (Swindle, Heller, Pescosolido, & Kikuzawa, 2000). Third, however, a majority of Americans and Canadians reported an unwillingness to work alongside or have intimate connections with persons with mental illness; agreed with images of persons with mental illness as unpredictable and dangerous; and, in the American case, found a doubling (since the 1950s) in spontaneous mentions of violence as descriptive of persons with mental illness (Martin, Pescosolido, & Tuch, 2000;Phelan, Link, Stueve, & Pescosolido, 2000). Finally, respondents were willing to use legal means to coerce individuals into treatment, especially when the spectre of danger was raised (Pescosolido, Monahan, Link et al, 1999).…”

Section: Background: What We Know About the Stigma Of Mental Illnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rethinking theoretical approaches to stigma: A Framework Integrating Normative Influences on Stigma (FINIS)

Pescosolido

Martin

Lang

et al. 2008

Social Science & Medicine

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395

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A resurgence of research and policy efforts on stigma both facilitates and forces a reconsideration of the levels and types of factors that shape reactions to persons with conditions that engender prejudice and discrimination. Focusing on the case of mental illness but drawing from theories and studies of stigma across the social sciences, we propose a framework that brings together theoretical insights from micro, meso and macro level research: Framework Integrating Normative Influences on Stigma (FINIS) starts with Goffman's notion that understanding stigma requires a language of social relationships, but acknowledges that individuals do not come to social interaction devoid of affect and motivation. Further, all social interactions take place in a context in which organizations, media and larger cultures structure normative expectations which create the possibility of marking "difference". Labelling theory, social network theory, the limited capacity model of media influence, the social psychology of prejudice and discrimination, and theories of the welfare state all contribute to an understanding of the complex web of expectations shaping stigma. FINIS offers the potential to build a broad-based scientific foundation based on understanding the effects of stigma on the lives of persons with mental illness, the resources devoted to the organizations and families who care for them, and policies and programs designed to combat stigma. We end by discussing the clear implications this framework holds for stigma reduction, even in the face of conflicting results.

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Section: Background: What We Know About the Stigma Of Mental Illnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rethinking theoretical approaches to stigma: A Framework Integrating Normative Influences on Stigma (FINIS)

Pescosolido

Martin

Lang

et al. 2008

Social Science & Medicine

Self Cite

395

289

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“…Nevertheless, a potential problem associated with belonging to this group is that there are stereotyped beliefs attached to severe mental illness (Martin et al, 2000;Swindle et al, 2000). Categorically referred to as stigma, these beliefs are spread across all levels of society and include expectations of violent and disorderly behavior as well as the conviction that persons with schizophrenia cannot work or make informed decisions about their welfare (Link et al, 1999;Phelan et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of multiple domains of self-esteem with four dimensions of stigma in schizophrenia

Lysaker

Tsai

Yanos

et al. 2008

Schizophrenia Research

119

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Research suggests global self-esteem among persons with schizophrenia may be negatively affected by stigma or stereotyped beliefs about persons with severe mental illness. Less clear however, is whether particular dimensions of self-esteem are linked to particular domains of stigma. To examine this we surveyed a range of self-esteem dimensions including lovability, personal power, competence and moral self-approval and four domains of stigma: Stereotype endorsement, Discrimination experience, Social withdrawal and Stigma rejection. Participants were 133 adults with diagnoses of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Stepwise multiple regressions controlling for a possible defensive response bias suggested that aspects of self-esteem related to lovability by others were more closely linked with lesser feelings of being alienated from others due to mental illness. Aspects of self-esteem related to the ability to manage one's own affairs were more closely associated with the rejection of stereotypes of mental illness. A sense of being able to influence others was linked to both the absence of discrimination experiences and the ability to ward off stigma. Implications for treatment are discussed.

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“…L'acceptation de la maladie par le patient peut être, cependant, un processus difficile étant donné la stigmatisation associée à la maladie mentale, surtout à la schizophrénie (Phelan et al, 2000). La stigmatisation peut être définie comme un attribut de la personne (des comportements bizarres, avoir eu un contact avec un psychiatre, un diagnostic, etc.)…”

Section: Lutte Contre La Stigmatisationunclassified

“…qui fait de celle-ci quelqu'un de différent des autres, d'indésirable et d'anormal (Sartorius, 2007 ;Goffman, 1986, dans Schulze et Angermeyer, 2003. En effet, le public a une perception de la schizophrénie et de la psychose très négative et perçoit les gens qui en souffrent comme étant dangereux, violents et agressifs (Shulze et Angermeyer, 2003 ;Phelan et al, 2000).…”

Section: Lutte Contre La Stigmatisationunclassified

Le rapport à la maladie et le suicide chez les patients atteints de schizophrénie

Vrakas

2009

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L’objectif de cette étude était d’examiner l’influence du rapport à la maladie sur le suicide chez les personnes atteintes de schizophrénie tel qu’il est reflété par la conscience, l’acceptation de la maladie et du traitement, l’acceptation et l’implication de la famille et les événements de vie associés à la maladie. La méthode de l’autopsie psychologique a été utilisée afin de comparer un groupe de 29 patients décédés par suicide et un groupe de 33 patients non suicidaires ayant un diagnostic de schizophrénie ou de trouble schizo-affectif. Les résultats indiquent que le risque de suicide augmente chez ceux ayant un rapport négatif à leur maladie, reflété par leur refus d’accepter la maladie, les événements de vie « générés » par la maladie et la dépression. Les stratégies de prévention devraient mettre l’accent sur l’amélioration de l’acceptation de la maladie des patients et sur le dépistage et le traitement adéquats de la dépression.The goal of the study was to examine schizophrenic patients’ relationship with their illness and its influence on completed suicide. To do so, we studied the impact of awareness of illness, of illness and treatment acceptance, of the family’s acceptance and support and of illness-related events (i.e. those “generated” by the illness) on completed suicide. The study design was a case-controlled psychological autopsy study in which a group of 29 schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients who committed suicide were compared to a group of 33 living controls. The results indicate that a negative relation with one’s illness does increase suicide risk as reflected by the refusal to accept one’s illness, illness-related events and depression. Prevention strategies should focus on increasing illness acceptance and on the appropriate detection and treatment of depression

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Public Conceptions of Mental Illness in 1950 and 1996: What Is Mental Illness and Is It to be Feared?

Cited by 539 publications

References 41 publications

Rethinking theoretical approaches to stigma: A Framework Integrating Normative Influences on Stigma (FINIS)

Rethinking theoretical approaches to stigma: A Framework Integrating Normative Influences on Stigma (FINIS)

Associations of multiple domains of self-esteem with four dimensions of stigma in schizophrenia

Le rapport à la maladie et le suicide chez les patients atteints de schizophrénie

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