Public Attitudes towards Intimate Partner Violence against Women and Influential Factors in China and Spain

Abstract

According to United Nations (2012), between 15% and 76% women have been targeted for physical and/or sexual violence in their lifetime worldwide, which makes violence against women become a serious social problem. The most common type of violence against women is violence perpetrated by a current or former intimate partner, including physical, verbal, economic, or sexual violence, which 30% of women have experienced when being in a relationship (World Health Organization, 2013). For the purpose of this article, intimate partner violence is used to define any form of physical, verbal, economic, or sexual violence perpetrated by a current or former intimate partner, a term used interchangeably in the literature with partner violence, family violence, domestic violence etc. Despite cultural, social, and economic differences, intimate partner violence against women (IP-VAW) is an evident health and human rights issue across the world, which can lead to negative impact on victims' wellbeing, such as poor sexual health, increased pain, and pharmaceutical prescription use (e.g., Cerulli et al., 2012; García-Moreno et al., 2006; Humphreys & Joseph, 2004; Moe & Bell, 2004). Besides, victims will also suffer from mental health burden, including, but not limited to, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (e.g., Lutwak, 2018).

What Are the Saudi Community Attitudes Towards Domestic Violence Against Women? A Cross-Sectional Study From Riyadh

“…In the same line, Gracia and Herrero (2005) and Yang et al (2021) reported that women accepted DVAW less than men. Regarding educational level and contrary to current results, educational level was significantly negatively associated with acceptability and justification of DVAW (Gracia et al, 2020; Gracia & Tomás, 2014; Tran et al, 2016).…”

“…Domestic violence against women is gender-based violence originating from discrimination against women and the normalization of violence by cultural norms. Early exercise and conditioning of DVAW begin with beliefs accepting and normalizing acts of violence (Obeid et al, 2010; Yang et al, 2021). Acceptance of violence is one of the significant factors underlying violence against women (Gracia et al, 2020; Yount et al, 2011).…”

“…Regarding educational level and contrary to current results, educational level was significantly negatively associated with acceptability and justification of DVAW (Gracia et al, 2020; Gracia & Tomás, 2014; Tran et al, 2016). In a study where the majority of participants held a university degree, the effect of education on attitudes towards DVAW was not clear (Yang et al, 2021). UNICEF press release in March 2020 argues that despite increased levels of education over the past 25 years, there is persistent global violence and discrimination against girls.…”

Investigating public awareness, prevailing attitudes and perceptions towards domestic violence and abuse in the United Kingdom: a qualitative study

“…It is widely acknowledged that social support leads to positive mental health outcomes, improved quality of life and more willingness to seek formal support and physical safety [17,31]. Having open dialogues about the detrimental health consequences of abuse in society, coupled with more awareness about appropriate referral pathways and linkage with local support services, including helplines might motivate survivors to pursue support.…”

Young People’s Understanding of Coercive Control in Northern Ireland

“…The study also explored the impact of victim gender on young people’s attitudes towards coercive control behaviours within intimate relationships, and aimed to identify predictors of coercive awareness amongst young people. Covariates were chosen based on their potential contribution towards IPV attitudes and risk of IPV as highlighted by Yang et al ( 2021 ) as well as insights from Strand et al ( 2019 ).…”