Puberty dysregulation and increased risk of disease in adult life: Possible modes of action

Gender and Age Related Modulation of Xenoestrogen-Induced Tumorigenesis

“…Obesity and earlier age of puberty are major factors in the recently reported increase of breast cancer in younger women [6] and may both be related to prepubertal and peripubertal exposure to EDC [7,80].…”

“…Higher susceptibility of children to xenobiotics, carcinogens and endocrine disruptors was traditionally related with higher cell division rate, higher exposure doses due to a larger volume of air, water and food which children ingest; recent studies show that prepubertal and pubertal children may express higher susceptibility also due to specific endogen hormonal levels during this final period of maturation of most organic systems [7].…”

“…Recent evidences show that even physical agents such as ionizing radiation may interact with estrogen receptors; moreover, age-related susceptibility is additionally modified by gender showing different susceptibility before and after puberty, pointing out to the role of sex steroids [5,7].…”

Risk Factors for Non-communicable Diseases in Vietnam: A Focus on Pesticides

“…In this scenario, the control programs of foods should develop around a food safety framework, based on new production chains, new exposure patterns, and disease scenarios. In fact, developmental exposure to environmental chemical factors may increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and impact on the programming of neurologic, metabolic, immune and reproductive functions, with major consequences on the risk of a variety of health disorders and NCDs in adult life, from metabolic syndrome, asthma, infertility and other reproductive disorders including puberty disturbances through to diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer (Costa et al, 2008;Van Der Mark et al, 2012;Mostafalou and Abdollahi, 2013;Tomar et al, 2013;Chevalier and Fénichel, 2014;Fucic and Mantovani, 2014;Jaacks and Staimez, 2015;Khalil et al, 2015). In this frame, according to the International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences (Wenjun et al, 2011), the outbreak of cancer and other serious chronic diseases on a global scale (but especially in economically developing countries) is related to the rising environmental pollution with pesticides, accounting for 5-6%.…”

Age and sex differences in genome damage between prepubertal and adult mice after exposure to ionising radiation

“…Prepuberty is a specific period of development during which complex micronenvironment settings are formed in an organism basically through a strong increase in sex hormones as a preparation phase for the final process of maturation (21). The effects of exposure during postnatal development, due to higher susceptibility of an organism to ionising radiation, may have lifelong consequences (22)(23)(24).…”