PtyNAMi: Ptychographic Nano-Analytical Microscope at PETRA III: interferometrically tracking positions for 3D x-ray scanning microscopy using a ball-lens retroreflector
Abstract:In recent years, ptychography has revolutionized x-ray microscopy in that it is able to overcome the diffraction limit of x-ray optics, pushing the spatial resolution limit down to a few nanometers. However, due to the weak interaction of x rays with matter, the detection of small features inside a sample requires a high coherent fluence on the sample, a high degree of mechanical stability, and a low background signal from the x-ray microscope. The x-ray scanning microscope PtyNAMi at PETRA III is designed for… Show more
“…The polyimide foil with the copper(I) oxide particles on both sides was glued to a thin silicon frame, covering a hole of 10 mm diameter. The plate with the foil on top was clamped into a sample holder, which was placed inside the PtyNAMi setup 46,47 . The X-ray beam coming from the undulator was monochromatized to 9.1 keV using a Si-(111) double-crystal monochromator.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The experiment was again performed at the hard X-ray nanoprobe station PtyNAMi of beamline P06 at the synchrotron radiation source PETRA III (Hamburg, Germany) 44,45 . The whole chemical reactor with all connections needed to potentially operated it, was placed inside the PtyNAMi setup 46,47 . In this experiment, the chemical reactor was kept at room temperature.…”
Ptychographic X-ray microscopy is an ideal tool to observe chemical processes under in situ conditions. Chemical reactors, however, are often thicker than the depth of field, limiting the lateral spatial resolution in projection images. To overcome this limit and reach higher lateral spatial resolution, wave propagation within the sample environment has to be taken into account. Here, we demonstrate this effect recording a ptychographic projection of copper(I) oxide nanocubes grown on two sides of a polyimide foil. Reconstructing the nanocubes using the conventional ptychographic model shows the limitation in the achieved resolution due to the thickness of the foil. Whereas, utilizing a multi-slice approach unambiguously separates two sharper reconstructions of nanocubes on both sides of the foil. Moreover, we illustrate how ptychographic multi-slice reconstructions are crucial for high-quality imaging of chemical processes by ex situ studying copper(I) oxide nanocubes grown on the walls of a liquid cell.
“…The polyimide foil with the copper(I) oxide particles on both sides was glued to a thin silicon frame, covering a hole of 10 mm diameter. The plate with the foil on top was clamped into a sample holder, which was placed inside the PtyNAMi setup 46,47 . The X-ray beam coming from the undulator was monochromatized to 9.1 keV using a Si-(111) double-crystal monochromator.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The experiment was again performed at the hard X-ray nanoprobe station PtyNAMi of beamline P06 at the synchrotron radiation source PETRA III (Hamburg, Germany) 44,45 . The whole chemical reactor with all connections needed to potentially operated it, was placed inside the PtyNAMi setup 46,47 . In this experiment, the chemical reactor was kept at room temperature.…”
Ptychographic X-ray microscopy is an ideal tool to observe chemical processes under in situ conditions. Chemical reactors, however, are often thicker than the depth of field, limiting the lateral spatial resolution in projection images. To overcome this limit and reach higher lateral spatial resolution, wave propagation within the sample environment has to be taken into account. Here, we demonstrate this effect recording a ptychographic projection of copper(I) oxide nanocubes grown on two sides of a polyimide foil. Reconstructing the nanocubes using the conventional ptychographic model shows the limitation in the achieved resolution due to the thickness of the foil. Whereas, utilizing a multi-slice approach unambiguously separates two sharper reconstructions of nanocubes on both sides of the foil. Moreover, we illustrate how ptychographic multi-slice reconstructions are crucial for high-quality imaging of chemical processes by ex situ studying copper(I) oxide nanocubes grown on the walls of a liquid cell.
“…We recorded a ptycho-tomographic data set at the Ptychographic Nano-Analytical Microscope (PtyNAMi) at beamline P06 of the synchrotron-radiation source PETRA III at the Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY in Hamburg, Germany [17]. The instrument is built for ptychographic imaging with high spatial resolution [18] and sensitivity [19], as well as with chemical contrast [20].…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The sample was aligned in the x-ray microscope [17] using an optical microscope. The incident 9 keV photon beam was focused to a 70 nm spot using a Fresnel zone plate.…”
Three-dimensional (3D) x-ray microscopy by ptychographic tomography requires elaborate numerical reconstructions. We describe a coupled ptychography-tomography reconstruction algorithm and apply it to an experimental ptychographic x-ray computed tomography data set of a catalyst particle. Compared to the traditional sequential algorithm, in which ptychographic projections are reconstructed to serve as input for subsequent tomographic reconstruction, the coupled ptychography-tomography algorithm reconstructs the 3D volume with higher spatial resolution over a larger field of view. Coupling the data from different projections improves the overall reconstruction, and the ptychographic sampling in individual projections can be coarsened beyond the point of overlap between neighboring scan points, still leading to stable reconstructions.
“…The basic design was described in Ref. 6 with a focus on the mechanical stability of the instrument. In this article, we briefly review the instrument and focus on the effects of the instrumental scattering background on the image quality.…”
The X-ray scanning microscope PtyNAMi at beamline P06 of PETRA III at DESY in Hamburg, Germany, is designed for high-spatial-resolution 3D imaging with high sensitivity. Besides optimizing the coherent flux density on the sample and the precision mechanics of the scanner, special care has been taken to reduce background signals on the detector. The optical path behind the sample is evacuated up until the sensor of a four-megapixel detector that is placed into the vacuum. In this way, parasitic scattering from air and windows close to the detector is avoided. The instrument has been commissioned and is in user operation. The main commissioning results of the low-background detector system are presented. A signal-to-noise model for small object details is derived that includes incoherent background scattering.
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