PTSD Symptoms Among Men and Women Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence: The Role of Risk and Protective Factors

Coker, Ann L.; Weston, Rebecca; Creson, Daniel L.; Justice, Blair; Blakeney, Patricia

doi:10.1891/vivi.20.6.625

Cited by 76 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…As suggested by Davidson (1996) It should be noted that rates of CEA and being stalked found in this study were eight times that found in the general female population (Mullen et al 1996;Tjaden and Thoennes 2000), while psychological IPV was 4.5 times that of the general female population (Coker et al 2005;Smith et al 2002). Almost 39.0% of our sample reported witnessing IPV a similar rate to that reported by homeless and income-assisted single mothers in the United States (Bassuk et al 2006), but almost six times that found among the general female population (Bensley et al 2003 (Brush 2000;Jayakodya et al 1998 …”

Section: )supporting

confidence: 63%

Single Mother’s Adverse and Traumatic Experiences and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms

2010

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Section: )supporting

confidence: 63%

Single Mother’s Adverse and Traumatic Experiences and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms

2010

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“…The utilization of formal support services increases with available resources (for example, having transportation access), the severity of the abuse and its association with psychiatric or mental illness, community attitudes towards victims, and previous trauma history [24,29,44,56–60]. In our study, we found that generally a smaller proportion of women consulted mental health practitioners, indicating the presence of barriers in women’s access to services.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Social support factors associated with psychological resilience among women survivors of intimate partner violence in Gauteng, South Africa

Machisa

Christofides

Jewkes

2018

Global Health Action

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Background: Women’s experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV) increase their risk for mental ill health. However, some women exposed to IPV and adversity are psychologically resilient and function well despite these exposures. Objectives: We conducted a study to investigate the factors that are associated with psychological resilience among abused women, using data collected in a household survey conducted in Gauteng province of South Africa. Methods: Data is from a cross-sectional study. A multi-stage random sampling approach was used to select a sample of 501 women. The World Health Organization (WHO) Multi-Country Study on Women’s Health and Domestic Violence Questionnaire was used to measure lifetime experience of physical and sexual IPV. Only 189 women who had experienced lifetime IPV were included in this secondary analysis. Resilience was measured as scoring below the threshold for the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale and the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire. Other explanatory factors measured included child sexual abuse, non-partner rape, other traumatic life events, social support indicators, binge drinking and socio-demographic variables. Multivariable regression analysis was used to test factors associated with resilience. Results: Forty two percent of women scored below the threshold for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or depressive symptoms at the time of the survey and so were categorized as resilient. Social support indicators were associated with increased resilience. Women who perceived that their communities were supportive and they would easily find money in an emergency were more likely to be resilient. Women who binge drank, experienced severe IPV in the past 12 months, received negative reactions to disclosure and utilized medical or psychosocial services were less likely to be resilient. Conclusion: Social support indicators including social connectedness, stronger network ties and perceived supportive communities are key factors in fostering resilience among abused women. Interventions should aim to promote stronger and supportive social networks and increase women’s utilization of formal support services.

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“…7 These consequences can be manifested as poor health status, poor quality of life, and high use of health services. 1,[8][9][10] Depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, 11,12 chronic physical health problems, [13][14][15][16] and somatic symptoms [17][18][19][20][21][22] are reported to be more prevalent in women exposed to violence than in nonexposed women. Most prior studies on the health consequences of exposure to violence have focused on a single health outcome, usually among populations recruited from specialized health care.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatic Symptoms and Diseases are more Common in Women Exposed to Violence

2007

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BACKGROUND: Exposure to violence has been shown to have an impact on somatic health. However, our knowledge about the possible dose-response relationship between frequency of violence exposure and health is still limited. OBJECTIVE:To study the associations between recent and repetitive exposure to violence and presence of somatic symptoms and diseases in women. DESIGN:Cross-sectional, community-based, selfreporting survey.PARTICIPANTS: Two thousand seven hundred thirty women aged 18-40 years (mean age 30.5 years). MEASUREMENTS:The somatic symptom scale derived from the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders was used to obtain information on the presence of somatization. In addition, we asked about the presence of 11 diseases or organ-specific diseases. Exposure to violence was measured by the Abuse Assessment Screen. RESULTS:Eighteen percent (486/2,730) of women surveyed reported exposure to physical violence. Three percent (94/2,730) had been forced into sexual intercourse as an adult. All somatic symptoms, and several diseases, were significantly more common in women exposed to physical and/or sexual violence as compared to nonexposed women. Women exposed to 3 or more violent episodes in the past 12 months reported a presence of 4.8 somatic symptoms and 1.2 diseases (mean) as compared to 1.8 symptoms and 0.5 diseases in nonexposed women. Women with exposure to both physical and sexual violence reported 6.0 symptoms and 1.5 diseases. The impact of violence on somatic symptoms and diseases remained after controlling for depression and sociodemographic factors. CONCLUSIONS:Violence was associated with the presence of somatic symptoms and diseases. The more a woman is exposed to violence, the higher the number of somatic symptoms and diseases reported is.KEY WORDS: violence; epidemiology; women's health.

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PTSD Symptoms Among Men and Women Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence: The Role of Risk and Protective Factors

Cited by 76 publications

References 35 publications

Single Mother’s Adverse and Traumatic Experiences and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms

Single Mother’s Adverse and Traumatic Experiences and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms

Social support factors associated with psychological resilience among women survivors of intimate partner violence in Gauteng, South Africa

Somatic Symptoms and Diseases are more Common in Women Exposed to Violence

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