PTSD is not the emblematic disorder of the COVID-19 pandemic; adjustment disorder is

Brunet, Alain; Rivest‐Beauregard, Marjolaine; Lonergan, Michelle; Cipolletta, Sabrina; Rasmussen, Andrew; Meng, Xiangyi; Jaafari, Nématollah; Romero, Sara; Superka, Julia E.; Brown, Adam; Sapkota, Ram P.

doi:10.1186/s12888-022-03903-5

Cited by 24 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Moreover, a previous study suggested that frequent exposure to information regarding the COVID-19 outbreak, fear of contagion, and hypochondriasis symptoms would, in turn, increase individuals' susceptibility to maladjustment to stressful situations [24]. It should be noted that several profiles of responses to the pandemic have been found in AD patients [25], and thus different explanations might apply to different AD sub-groups. Unfortunately, we could not fully address this possibility here because of the small sample size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression and Anxiety Symptoms “Among the Waves” of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Adjustment Disorder Patients

et al. 2023

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The COVID-19 pandemic and the associated restrictions caused great psychological suffering to the general population and psychiatric patients. We aimed to explore the course of depression and anxiety symptoms in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) patients, adjustment disorder (AD) patients, and participants without psychiatric disorders (control group, CG) across the different phases of the pandemic: the first lockdown, a temporary interruption of restrictions, and the second lockdown. Out of the 158 patients screened, we enrolled 46 OCD and 19 AD patients as well as 29 CG participants. The Beck Depression Inventory-II and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Y were administered to all participants at each time point. The results showed different symptom severities among the groups throughout the whole study, with OCD patients always scoring higher than AD patients and the CG, and the AD patients always scoring higher than the CG. The symptom course within each group was different. OCD patients’ symptoms sharply worsened during the first lockdown and then remained stable irrespective of the subsequent pandemic phases. In the AD and CG groups, symptoms waxed and waned following the fluctuations of the restriction provisions, with a complete return to the baseline when the restrictions were stopped only in the CG. These findings suggest that the influence of the pandemic and of the associated restrictions on depression and anxiety manifestations may vary depending on the particular pre-existing mental health status.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression and Anxiety Symptoms “Among the Waves” of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Adjustment Disorder Patients

et al. 2023

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“…Moreover, there is debate regarding if the COVID-19 pandemic constitutes a life-threatening Criterion A stressor according to the DSM-5 PTSD diagnostic criteria (Bridgland et al, 2021; Brunet et al, 2022; Van Overmeire, 2020). Perhaps rather than focusing on PTSD alone, other stressor-related disorders, such as adjustment disorder, may provide a better framework for understanding the mental health impact of the pandemic (Brunet et al, 2022). While the IES-R is validated to screen for PTSD, it is not a diagnostic tool and can only suggest likely clinical significance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pandemic-Related Post-traumatic Stress Symptomatology in COVID-19 Patients with and without Post-COVID Conditions

Guinee,

Raza,

Ballard

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Trauma and stressor-related symptoms have been frequently reported during the COVID-19 pandemic. Few studies compare post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) between patients and non-infected controls. Using data from an ongoing natural history study of COVID-19, this study compared PTSS between patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the first year of the pandemic and controls. Within the COVID-19 patient cohort, we also compared PTSS between patients with and without post-COVID conditions, also known as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). This study also examined the association of PTSS with trait resilience and prior trauma exposure. PTSS were assessed using the Impact of Event Scaled-Revised (IES-R), which has a validated probable PTSD cutoff (score ≥33). The results showed that patients (n=131) reported significantly higher IES-R scores than controls (n=82) and had significantly higher odds of having scores indicative of PTSD [AOR: 4.17p:0.029]. IES-R scores among PASC patients (n=68) were significantly elevated compared to patients without PASC (n=63) and PASC patients did not have higher odds for probable PTSD [AOR: 2.60;p:0.14]. Trait resilience was associated with lower PTSS. These findings help characterize the mental health impact of the COVID-19 illness experience and highlight elevated PTSS in patients with persistent post-COVID conditions.

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“…Additionally, the new, preliminary evidence on adjustment disorder symptoms could broaden the scope of psychiatric assessment amid different forms of disasters. Adjustment disorder could be one of the more prevalent but overlooked mental health consequences of COVID‐19 among other large‐scale disasters (Brunet et al, 2022). Previous studies in European countries found that COVID‐19‐induced stressors, alongside other work‐related, financial, and family stressors, low socioeconomic status, and existing health problems, were predictive of adjustment disorder symptoms (Dragan et al, 2021; Lotzin et al, 2021; Rossi et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Savoring mediates the mental health benefits of positive coping processes: A prospective population‐based analysis

Tao,

Yung,

Lau

et al. 2023

Applied Psych Health & Well

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Positive coping (e.g., self‐efficacy and positive reappraisal) and savoring could bear mental health implications under large‐scale disasters such as COVID‐19. The integrative affect–regulation framework of psychological resilience proposes that evaluative efforts regulate affect, which then predicts positive short‐term consequences and better mental health. This two‐wave study was done during the prolonged, intensive COVID‐19 control rules in Hong Kong and examined (1) the prospective associations of positive coping processes (i.e., self‐efficacy and positive reappraisal) (T1, March–August 2021) with subsequent psychiatric symptoms (T2, September 2021–February 2022) and (2) the mediating effect of T2 savoring in the associations. Path analyses revealed that T1 self‐efficacy and positive reappraisal were inversely related to T2 psychiatric symptoms. T2 savoring partially mediated the effect of T1 self‐efficacy but fully mediated the effect of T1 positive reappraisal. Self‐efficacy could have more sustainable direct positive associations with mental health, whereas the benefit of positive reappraisal might need to be catalyzed by savoring over time. Our study offered concrete illustrations of the conceptual tenets of the affect–regulation framework.

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PTSD is not the emblematic disorder of the COVID-19 pandemic; adjustment disorder is

Cited by 24 publications

References 29 publications

Depression and Anxiety Symptoms “Among the Waves” of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Adjustment Disorder Patients

Depression and Anxiety Symptoms “Among the Waves” of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Adjustment Disorder Patients

Pandemic-Related Post-traumatic Stress Symptomatology in COVID-19 Patients with and without Post-COVID Conditions

Savoring mediates the mental health benefits of positive coping processes: A prospective population‐based analysis

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