Pterygium: are we any closer to the cause?

Does Cigarette Smoking Alter the Risk of Pterygium? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…We included studies that fulfilled the following criteria: (1) a cross-sectional, prospective cohort, or case-control study; (2) diagnosis of pterygium was based on slit-lamp examination by ophthalmologists; (3) smoking status was recorded and tested as an independent factor; (4) adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated with multiple logistic regression; or the occurrence of pterygium in subjects with and without current/past smoking history were reported or can be resolved. Animal studies, case reports, reviews, abstracts, conference proceedings, editorials, non-English articles, and studies that did not analyze smoking as a factor were excluded.…”

“…1 Its corneal ingrowth can lead to ocular irritation and visual impairment by induction of astigmatism, blockade of visual axis, or loss of corneal transparency. 2 The prevalence of pterygium varies in different populations, ranging from 2.83% in Australians 3 to 39.0% among the Chinese Bai. 4 Despite its poorly understood pathogenesis, several risk factors had been confirmed in the occurrence of pterygium, namely old age, male sex, and ultraviolet light (UV) exposure (i.e., lower latitude and outdoor work).…”

Assesment of etiological factors of pterygium cases in Van Region (etiological factors in pterygium)

“…Hastalığın etiyopatogenezi tam olarak bilinmemekle birlikte bilinen en önemli risk faktörü ultraviyole maruziyetidir [1,2]. Pterjium ilerleyici fibrovasküler bir kitle olmakla birlikte aynı zamanda inflamasyonla birlikte tetiklenen neovasküler bir oluşumdur [3]. Pterjium oluşum mekanizmasında apoptozisin baskılanması, genetik yatkınlık, plazma ve lenfosit infiltrasyonu sonucu gelişen inflamasyon diğer suçlanan faktörler olarak sıralanabilir [4][5][6].…”

Evaluation of Neutrophil–Lymphocyte Ratios, Mean Platelet Volumes and Platelet–Lymphocyte Ratios in Pterygium

“…The exact cause of pterygium is still unknown and ultraviolet radiation (UV) exposure is the only proven risk factor (2). Pterygium is not only a progressive fibrovascular mass triggered by chronic inflammation but also a neovascular formation (3).…”

“…MPV had also been shown to be an indicator of inflammation and a diagnostic factor for inflammatory diseases in studies (9)(10)(11)(12). However, to our knowledge, there is no study that investigates the association between pterygium and NLR, MPV, and PLR even though it is a chronic inflammatory-triggered neovascular formation (3).…”