Pteridaceae Reichenbach

Tryon, Alice F.; Lugardon, Bernard

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-8991-0_11

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…It is noteworthy that the family clusters with tree ferns in both treeconstructing methods. The morphological similarities in sporangial annuli and spore wall to tree ferns (38) would thus result from their common ancestry.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

rbcL gene sequences provide evidence for the evolutionary lineages of leptosporangiate ferns.

Hasebe

Omori

Nakazawa

et al. 1994

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

273

157

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Pteridophytes have a longer evolutionary history than any other vascular land plant and, therefore, have endured greater loss of phylogenetically informative information. This factor has resulted in substantial disagreements in evaluating characters and, thus, controversy in establishing a stable classification. To compare competing casicatis, we obtained DNA sequences of a chloroplast gene. The sequence of 1206 nt of the large subunit of the ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase gene (rbcL) was determined from 58 species, representing almost all families of leptosporangiate ferns. Phylogenetic trees were inferred by the neighbor-joining and the parsimony methods. The two methods produced almost identical phylogenetic trees that provided insights concerning major general evolutionary trends in the leptosporangiate ferns. Interesting findings were as follows: (i) two morphologically distinct heterosporous water ferns, Marula and Salvinia, are sister genera; (iu) the tree ferns (Cyatheaceae, Dicksoniaceae, and Metaxyaceae) are monophyletic; and (ui) polypodiolds are distantly related to the gleicheniolds in spite of the imilarit of their exindusiate soral morphology and are close to the higher indusiate ferns In addition, the affiities of several "problematic genera" were assessed.The extant ferns include -10,000 species and 250 genera in the world (1). They are the most conspicuous spore-bearing land plants and the principal members of land flora after the flowering plants. Ferns Based on morphology, the leptosporangiate ferns are usually classified into three major groups, Marsileaceae, Salviniaceae including Azollaceae, and the rest, which are often treated as different orders (5-7). Although both the Marsileaceae and the Salviniaceae have distinctive morphologies, both live in aquatic habitats and are characterized by heterospory, the latter being extremely rare in the leptosporangiate ferns. The phylogenetic relationship ofthese aquatic ferns to the homosporus ferns remains unsolved (8).Classification and phylogenetic relationships of the leptosporangiate ferns above the family level are controversial (1, 5,6,[8][9][10]. The reasons for discrepancy among classification schemes include disagreements in evaluation of morphological characters used. It is often difficult to identify homologous characters because similar characters are found in apparently different phylogenetic lineages; convergent or parallel evolution probably often occurred during the long evolutionary history of ferns (11). Furthermore, frequent extinctions produced missing links, which have resulted in difficulties elucidating phylogenetic interrelationships of major groups (1, 11). Micromolecular information (12) also is not useful to infer familial relationships for the same reasons.Recently molecular systematics in plants has progressed rapidly with in vitro DNA amplification (polymerase chain reaction, PCR) mediated by thermostable DNA polymerase and the direct sequencing methods. In angiosperm systematics, this molecular approach...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

rbcL gene sequences provide evidence for the evolutionary lineages of leptosporangiate ferns.

Hasebe

Omori

Nakazawa

et al. 1994

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

273

157

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“… 1 Morphological observation from this study. 2 Tryon and Lugardon (1990) , Parkinson (1994) , Giacosa et al (2015) , and Giacosa and Barakat (2018) . 3 Based on descriptions of species M. fistulosa, M. robusta, and M. rupestris ( Goebel, 1915 ; Lash, 1966 ; Bierhorst, 1968 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“… 2 Tryon and Lugardon (1990) , Parkinson (1994) , Giacosa et al (2015) , and Giacosa and Barakat (2018) . …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Systematics and Plastome Evolution in Schizaeaceae

Wang

Labiak

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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While the family Schizaeaceae (Schizaeales) represents only about 0.4% of the extant fern species diversity, it differs from other ferns greatly in gross morphologies, niche preferences, and life histories. One of the most notable features in this family is its mycoheterotrophic life style in the gametophytic stage, which appears to be associated with extensive losses of plastid genes. However, the limited number of sequenced plastomes, and the lack of a well-resolved phylogenetic framework of Schizaeaceae, makes it difficult to gain any further insight. Here, with a comprehensive sampling of ~77% of the species diversity of this family, we first inferred a plastid phylogeny of Schizaeaceae using three DNA regions. To resolve the deep relationships within this family, we then reconstructed a plastome-based phylogeny focusing on a selection of representatives that covered all the major clades. From this phylogenomic backbone, we traced the evolutionary histories of plastid genes and examined whether gene losses were associated with the evolution of gametophytic mycoheterotrophy. Our results reveal that extant Schizaeaceae is comprised of four major clades—Microschizaea, Actinostachys, Schizaea, and Schizaea pusilla. The loss of all plastid NADH-like dehydrogenase (ndh) genes was confirmed to have occurred in the ancestor of extant Schizaeaceae, which coincides with the evolution of mycoheterotrophy in this family. For chlorophyll biosynthesis genes (chl), the losses were interpreted as convergent in Schizaeaceae, and found not only in Actinostachys, a clade producing achlorophyllous gametophytes, but also in S. pusilla with chlorophyllous gametophytes. In addition, we discovered a previously undescribed but phylogenetically distinct species hidden in the Schizaea dichotoma complex and provided a taxonomic treatment and morphological diagnostics for this new species—Schizaea medusa. Finally, our phylogenetic results suggest that the current PPG I circumscription of Schizaea is non-monophyletic, and we therefore proposed a three-genus classification moving a subset of Schizaea species sensu PPG I to a third genus—Microschizaea.

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