Pt magnetization profile in a Pt/Co bilayer studied by resonant magnetic x-ray reflectometry

Geissler, J.; Goering, E.; Justen, M.; Weigand, F.; Schütz, Gisela; Langer, Juergen; Schmitz, D.; Maletta, H.; Mattheis, R.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.65.020405

Cited by 127 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…By observing the difference in the specular reflectivity for the two magnetization directions parallel and antiparallel to the photon helicity of circularly polarized x-rays in an energy scan across the L 2,3 edge of a magnetic element, one can derive the magnetization profile of a ferromagnetic thin film. This has been demonstrated convincingly for [Co 2 MnGe/Au] 50 multilayers [182] and other systems [174,198,173]. Since in the [Co 2 MnGe/V] 20 multilayers under study here, we have two magnetic elements, the analysis for Mn and Co can be carried out separately.…”

Section: Soft X-ray Scatteringmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Antiferromagnetic dipolar ordering in[Co2MnGe∕V]Nmultilayers

et al. 2005

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Section: Soft X-ray Scatteringmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…X-ray resonant magnetic scattering (XRMS) allows for the determination of elementspecific chemical and magnetic depth profiles of layered structures [172,173,174]. These profiles can be obtained by a quantitative analysis of specular reflectivity measurements, usually performed by numerical simulation.…”

Section: Specular Reflectivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiferromagnetic dipolar ordering in[Co2MnGe∕V]Nmultilayers

et al. 2005

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confidence: 99%

“…The experimental demonstration of large changes in the specularly reflected X-ray intensity at the Fe L 2,3 edge 5 upon magnetization reversal initiated the ongoing search for magneto-optical (MO) effects in the soft X-ray regime, 6,7,8,9,10,11,12 as well as their application to element-specific studies of heteromagnetic systems. 13,14,15,16,17,18 Yet, in analyzing soft X-ray MO signals from thin films and multilayer systems with thicknesses comparable to the X-ray wavelength, previous investigations have shown 5,13,18 that a comparison with model calculations 19 of the reflected specular intensity (based on the Fresnel equations) is needed in order to extract a layerresolved sample magnetization profile. Several experimental determinations of soft X-ray MO constants have been reported 8,9,10 for ferromagnetic transition metals in the region of the L 2,3 thresholds, but none so far for the lanthanide elements, despite their wide recognition as, e.g., constituents of exchange-spring magnets 20 and magnetic recording media 21 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of huge x-ray Faraday rotation at the GdN4,5threshold

et al. 2002

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X-ray absorption spectra in a wide energy range around the 4d-4f excitation threshold of Gd were recorded by total electron yield from in-plane magnetized Gd metal films. Matching the experimental spectra to tabulated absorption data reveals unprecedented short light absorption lengths down to 3 nm. The associated real parts of the refractive index for circularly polarized light propagating parallel or antiparallel to the Gd magnetization, determined through the KramersKronig transformation, correspond to a magneto-optical Faraday rotation of 0.7• per atomic layer. This finding shall allow the study of magnetic structure and magnetization dynamics of lanthanide elements in nanosize systems and dilute alloys.PACS numbers: 78.20.Ls, 78.70.Dm Resonance enhancements of X-ray magnetic scattering cross sections at inner-shell absorption edges 1,2 have been used for years to investigate the magnetic structure of lanthanide 3 and actinide 4 systems in the hard X-ray regime (above 2 keV). The experimental demonstration of large changes in the specularly reflected X-ray intensity at the Fe L 2,3 edge 5 upon magnetization reversal initiated the ongoing search for magneto-optical (MO) effects in the soft X-ray regime, 6,7,8,9,10,11,12 as well as their application to element-specific studies of heteromagnetic systems. 13,14,15,16,17,18 Yet, in analyzing soft X-ray MO signals from thin films and multilayer systems with thicknesses comparable to the X-ray wavelength, previous investigations have shown 5,13,18 that a comparison with model calculations 19of the reflected specular intensity (based on the Fresnel equations) is needed in order to extract a layerresolved sample magnetization profile. Several experimental determinations of soft X-ray MO constants have been reported 8,9,10 for ferromagnetic transition metals in the region of the L 2,3 thresholds, but none so far for the lanthanide elements, despite their wide recognition as, e.g., constituents of exchange-spring magnets 20 and magnetic recording media 21 . Only recently has it been demonstrated that sizeable MO signals are obtained from lanthanide elements in the soft X-ray region at the N 4,5 thresholds. 22Here we show that calibrated N 4,5 absorption spectra from magnetized Gd metal, recorded with circularly polarized (CP) light in the energy interval from 110 to 200 eV, yield an X-ray absorption coefficient up to three times larger than expected. The magnetizationdependent absorption of CP light at the Gd N 4,5 giant resonance maximum, described by the imaginary part of the refraction index, is accompanied by a huge change in light propagation speed upon magnetization reversal, a dispersive effect described by the real part of the refraction index, implying a Faraday rotation (FR) of about 0.7• per atomic layer. Thus, even very small or diluted lanthanide systems are expected to show a measurable effect.The absorption experiments were performed at the high-resolution UE56 undulator beamline 23 of the Berliner Elektronenspeicherring für Synchrotronstrahlung (BES...

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“…Alternatively, M S can be derived from the total magnetic moment of Co and Pd atoms from the XMCD data of the t Pd = 1.5 nm sample. For Co, m [84,85]. As an estimation, the polarization of 0.6 nm of Pd, corresponding to a sample for which it can be assumed that all Pd is alloyed within the Co NPs, will add ≈0.4 × 10 −3 emu/cm 2 .…”

Section: Magnetic Momentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in granular multilayers of CoPd alloyed nanoparticles

et al. 2016

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Co-Pd multilayers obtained by Pd capping of pre-deposited Co nanoparticles on amorphous alumina are systematically studied by means of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, extended x-ray absorption fine structure, SQUID-based magnetometry, and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. The films are formed by CoPd alloyed nanoparticles self-organized across the layers, with the interspace between the nanoparticles filled by the non-alloyed Pd metal. The nanoparticles show atomic arrangements compatible with short-range chemical order of L1 0 strucure type. The collective magnetic behavior is that of ferromagnetically coupled particles with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, irrespective of the amount of deposited Pd. For increasing temperature three magnetic phases are identified: hard ferromagnetic with strong coercive field, soft-ferromagnetic as in an amorphous asperomagnet, and superparamagnetic. Increasing the amount of Pd in the system leads to both magnetic hardness increment and higher transition temperatures. Magnetic total moments of 1.77(4) μ B and 0.45(4) μ B are found at Co and Pd sites, respectively, where the orbital moment of Co, 0.40(2) μ B , is high, while that of Pd is negligible. The effective magnetic anisotropy is the largest in the capping metal series (Pd, Pt, W, Cu, Ag, Au), which is attributed to the interparticle interaction between de nanoparticles, in addition to the intraparticle anisotropy arising from hybridization between the 3d-4d bands associated to the Co and Pd chemical arrangement in a L1 0 structure type.

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Pt magnetization profile in a Pt/Co bilayer studied by resonant magnetic x-ray reflectometry

Cited by 127 publications

References 24 publications

Antiferromagnetic dipolar ordering in[Co2MnGe∕V]Nmultilayers

Antiferromagnetic dipolar ordering in[Co2MnGe∕V]Nmultilayers

Prediction of huge x-ray Faraday rotation at the GdN4,5threshold

Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in granular multilayers of CoPd alloyed nanoparticles

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