Pt/DOX Nanomotors Enhance Penetration in the Deep Tumor by Positive Chemotaxis

Abstract

Inefficient tumor penetration caused by the characteristics of tumor microenvironments is a primary obstacle to improving drug delivery efficiency, which restricts the chemotherapy drug efficacy. One such promising idea is to construct micro/nanomotors (MNMs) as an effective delivery vehicle by way of producing autonomous motion and converting exogenous stimuli or external energies from the surrounding environment into mechanical forces. In this research, the Pt/DOX nanomotor was prepared, and the enhanced diffusion and positive chemotaxis driven by substrates were verified in vitro, proof of the enhanced cellular uptake and deep penetration of Pt/DOX. As a novel nanovehicle, Pt/DOX potentially provides an intriguing approach to foster the tumor-deep penetration and enhance the drug delivery efficiency.

Biomedical Micro‐/Nanomotors: Design, Imaging, and Disease Treatment

“…With respect to delivery of radiosensitizer by MNMs, recent research has demonstrated that Pt nanoflowers with H 2 O 2 catalysis and depositing radiation capability could be used as a carrier for DOX delivery. [ 58 ] The positive chemotaxis behavior of Pt/DOX nanomotor was verified, laying the basis for tumor‐deep penetration and cellular uptake. With low‐dose of RT, synergistic chemo‐radiotherapeutic performance was achieved.…”

“…In another research, Pt nanoflower that loaded with chemotherapeutic drug DOX was used to perform positive chemotaxis by catalyzing H 2 O 2 decomposition in tumor microenvironment. [ 58 ] The effective propulsion of Pt/DOX nanomotor guaranteed deep tumor penetration and high cellular uptake, facilitating the delivery of DOX. Moreover, high atomic numbered Pt nanoflower could be used as a radiosensitizer, which significantly inhibited 4T1 tumor growth via the synergistic effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.…”

In vivoapplications of micro/nanorobots

“…Apart from the studies conducted on animal skin, subcutaneous tumor models have been a widely preferred way of investigating micro/nanorobots in vivo. [119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127] In general, different cancer cell lines, e.g., breast and cervical, were subcutaneously injected into animals to establish tumors. When the tumor models reached a considerable size, micro/nanorobots were injected into the blood or directly into the tumor site.…”

“…Apart from the studies conducted on animal skin, subcutaneous tumor models have been a widely preferred way of investigating micro/nanorobots in vivo . 119–127 In general, different cancer cell lines, e.g. , breast and cervical, were subcutaneously injected into animals to establish tumors.…”

On The Approach to Nanoscale Robots: Understanding the Relationship between Nanomotor's Architecture and Active Motion

“…Such intrinsic anisotropy is also seen in other propulsion ways, as no nanoparticles are perfectly symmetric. [ 95 ] Although this intrinsic anisotropy helps simplify the fabrication process, it also means that the architecture cannot be precisely controlled, which hinders further research.…”