Pt–Co and Pt–Ni hollow nanospheres supported with PEDOT:PSS used as high performance counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells

Zheng, Min; Huo, Jinghao; Chen, Binguo; Tu, Yongguang; Wu, Jihuai; Hu, Linhua; Dai, Songyuan

doi:10.1016/j.solener.2015.10.001

Cited by 26 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Conducting polymer TE materials possess the advantages of low κ, good flexibility and low cost in comparison with inorganic materials. [1][2][3][4] Among them, commercially available PEDOT:polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) has received the most attention due to its excellent water processability and high σ ( refs 5-11 ) and is also widely used as an electrode or conductive adhesive material in applications including solar cells, 12,13 organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), 14,15 supercapacitors, 16,17 sensors 18,19 and so on. The PSS polyanion enables the formation of aqueous PEDOT:PSS solutions, which benefits both film printing and the synthesis of hybrid materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micron-thick highly conductive PEDOT films synthesized via self-inhibited polymerization: roles of anions

Shi

Qin

et al. 2017

NPG Asia Mater

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The inhibitor-dependent poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) fabrication suffers major problems in the areas of controllability and film thickness. In this work, we found that anions play a key role in both the polymerization and the structure of PEDOT. As a precursor, anions greatly influence the reaction rate and oxidant solubility. In its role as a counter-ion, the anions also affect chain conductance and crystal growth. With these behaviors in mind, a self-inhibited polymerization approach using novel oxidants with appropriate anions was successfully developed to facilitate the fabrication of high quality in situ polymerized PEDOT films and solve the thickness limitation problem. Inhibitor-free heavy oxidative solutions with weakly basic anions enable the spin-coating of thick and homogeneous oxidant layers and also effectively inhibit both the crystallization of the oxidant and H + formation throughout the polymerization process. PEDOT: dodecylbenzenesulfonate (PEDOT:DBSA) exhibits the highest performance among all candidates due to its appropriate anion basicity and low steric effect. An extremely high doping level of 42.9% is achieved, and an electrical conductivity of~1100 S cm − 1 is successfully maintained for film thicknesses between 310 nm and 1.79 μm. In addition, the thermoelectric power factor (RT) for pristine films was improved to 77.2 μW mK − 2 from 69.6 μW mK − 2 by the dedoping treatment. This study provides a new approach for fabricating high performance PEDOT thick films using anion-based design. NPG Asia Materials (2017) 9, e405; doi:10.1038/am.2017.107; published online 14 July 2017 INTRODUCTION Thermoelectric (TE) materials realize direct conversion between heat and electricity, which can be used in refrigeration and power generation. The performance of TE materials is characterized by the ZT value (S 2 σT/κ) or power factor (S 2 σ), where S, σ, T and κ are the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, absolute temperature and thermal conductivity, respectively. Conducting polymer TE materials possess the advantages of low κ, good flexibility and low cost in comparison with inorganic materials. 1-4 Among them, commercially available PEDOT:polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) has received the most attention due to its excellent water processability and high σ ( refs 5-11 ) and is also widely used as an electrode or conductive adhesive material in applications including solar cells, 12,13 organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), 14,15 supercapacitors, 16,17 sensors 18,19 and so on. The PSS polyanion enables the formation of aqueous PEDOT:PSS solutions, which benefits both film printing and the synthesis of hybrid materials. However, such PSS-based processes also experience difficulties with performance optimization. For example, the insulating PSS lamellas remain in the polymer matrix, 20,21 resulting in an amorphous polymer 22 with limited σ and S. 5,9 Compared to PEDOT:PSS, PEDOT doped with smallsized anions (S-PEDOTs), such as tosylate (OTs) or triflate (OTf), have greater potential...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micron-thick highly conductive PEDOT films synthesized via self-inhibited polymerization: roles of anions

Shi

Qin

et al. 2017

NPG Asia Mater

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“…Also, the WP/CP‐3 CE exhibits smaller V pc compared with the Pt CE and others, implying outstanding catalytic ability and fast redox reaction capability for the WP/CP‐3 CE. [ 52 ] This phenomenon proves that the appropriate amount of HCl has significant impact on the electrochemical catalytic and conductivity capability of the CEs. Figure 7b–f shows the CVs of the Pt and WP/CP CEs at different scan rates to compare the effect of scanning rate on the electrochemical properties of the CEs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Tungsten Phosphide Microsheets In‐Situ Grown on Carbon Fiber as Counter Electrode Catalyst for Efficient Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells

Gao

Shen

Liu

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Inter

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environmental friendliness, mechanical stability, simple preparation process, high efficiency, and the ability to operate at wide angle. [1][2][3] Generally, the DSSC with a sandwich-type structure is mainly composed of photoanode, dye sensitizer, electrolyte, and counter electrode (CE). [4][5][6] At present, the DSSCs with exceeded 14% photoelectric conversion efficiency are considered a favorable choice to the silicon solar cells. [7][8][9] However, the rareness and insufficient stability in I − /I 3 − electrolyte of the platinum (Pt) CE makes the DSSCs unsuitable for large-scale applications. [10,11] To address these challenges, it is very necessary to develop earth-abundant, highly catalytic activity, environment friendly, prefect conductivity, and outstanding electrochemical stability Pt-free CE catalytic materials. Currently, the carbon materials, conductive polymer, transition metal compounds, metal selenides, carbides, sulfides, and so on have attracted wide attentions. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Compared with above-mentioned reported Pt-free CE catalysts, transition metal phosphides are rare-reported but very suitable for the development of Pt-free CE in DSSCs. [22][23][24] Moreover, transition metal phosphides are a kind of important multicomponent metal/ nonmetal catalysts. Their composition usually presented as ternary or quaternary compounds or complexes have been widely used in various electrocatalysis applications such as water decomposition and oxygen reduction reaction derived from their unique advantages of earth-rich, adjustable chemical composition, excellent catalytic activity, low-cost, chemical inertness, and prefect conductivity. [25,26] Particularly, tungsten phosphide (WP) has unique physical and chemical properties including high electron transfer rate, excellent catalytic activity, and good electrocatalysis stability, and shows excellent performance in electrochemical catalytic reaction. Zhang et al. synthesized WP particles by a self-exothermic reduction strategy, which exhibited high catalytic activity and long-lasting stability with a low Tafel slope of 52 mV•dec −1 . [27] Son et al. obtained two morphologies of FeP and FeP 2 nanowires to achieve excellent hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) efficiency in acid-base environments. [28] Pi et al. fabricated WP 2 nanosheets on graphite paper using a pulsed laser deposition technique and in-situ phosphorylation, achieving the most promising efficiency as a HER cathode. [29] On the basis of outstanding performance of WP in electrocatalysis, it is expected to be potential CE candidates in The development of low-cost, green, and pollution-free counter electrode materials with high catalytic activity plays a critical role in improving the photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). In recent years, transition metal phosphides have been widely used in DSSCs due to their outstanding catalytic activity and stability. Herein, a novel binary phosphide is immobilized on carbon paper (CP) by a two-step strategy. This...

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“…Besides, the high PCE can only be obtained when the thickness of a Pt-based alloy CE is up to few tens of nanometers, which means that the dosages of Pt species in alloyed electrocatalysts are still restricting the commercialization of DSSCs. Recently, various composites were developed to compensate the deficiency of the individual Pt-based alloy CE. ,, However, most of them are just prepared by physically mixing Pt-based alloy with two or even more materials, which results in poor catalytical performances due to their weak interactions between components . In contrast, metal–semiconductor-based Mott–Schottky (M–S) catalysts provide an ideal platform to tailor the catalytic activity of metal alloys, because the formed M–S effect can render an enhanced inner electric field at their interfaces and promote the transfer of electrons between metals and semiconductors. , As a result, outstanding catalytic properties can often be obtained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18,22,23 However, most of them are just prepared by physically mixing Pt-based alloy with two or even more materials, which results in poor catalytical performances due to their weak interactions between components. 24 In contrast, metal−semiconductor-based Mott−Schottky (M−S) catalysts provide an ideal platform to tailor the catalytic activity of metal alloys, because the formed M−S effect can render an enhanced inner electric field at their interfaces and promote the transfer of electrons between metals and semiconductors. 25,26 As a result, outstanding catalytic properties can often be obtained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistically Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Ni₃S₄–PtX (X = Fe, Ni) Heteronanorods as Heterogeneous Catalysts in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Huang

et al. 2017

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Platinum (Pt)-based alloys are considerably promising electrocatalysts for the reduction of I/I and Co/Co redox couples in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). However, it is still challenging to minimize the dosage of Pt to achieve comparable or even higher catalytic efficiency. Here, by taking full advantages of the Mott-Schottky (M-S) effect at the metal-semiconductor interface, we successfully strategize a low-Pt-based M-S catalyst with enhanced electrocatalytic performance and stability for the large-scale application of DSSCs. The optimized M-S electrocatalyst of NiS-PtX (X = Fe, Ni) heteronanorods is constructed by rationally controlling the ratio of Pt to transition metal in the hybrids. It was found that the electrons transferred from NiS to PtX at their interface under the Mott-Schottky effect result in the concentration of electrons onto PtX domains, which subsequently accelerates the regeneration of both I/I and Co/Co redox shuttles in DSSCs. As a result, the DSSC with NiS-PtFe manifests an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.79% and 5.56% for iodine and cobalt-based electrolyte under AM1.5G illumination, respectively. These PCEs are obviously superior over those with NiS-Pt, PtFe, NiS, and pristine Pt electrodes. The strategy reported here is able to be further expanded to fabricate other low-Pt-alloyed M-S catalysts for wider applications in the fields of photocatalysis, water splitting, and heterojunction solar cells.

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Pt–Co and Pt–Ni hollow nanospheres supported with PEDOT:PSS used as high performance counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells

Cited by 26 publications

References 32 publications

Micron-thick highly conductive PEDOT films synthesized via self-inhibited polymerization: roles of anions

Micron-thick highly conductive PEDOT films synthesized via self-inhibited polymerization: roles of anions

Tungsten Phosphide Microsheets In‐Situ Grown on Carbon Fiber as Counter Electrode Catalyst for Efficient Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells

Synergistically Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Ni₃S₄–PtX (X = Fe, Ni) Heteronanorods as Heterogeneous Catalysts in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

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Pt–Co and Pt–Ni hollow nanospheres supported with PEDOT:PSS used as high performance counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells

Cited by 26 publications

References 32 publications

Micron-thick highly conductive PEDOT films synthesized via self-inhibited polymerization: roles of anions

Micron-thick highly conductive PEDOT films synthesized via self-inhibited polymerization: roles of anions

Tungsten Phosphide Microsheets In‐Situ Grown on Carbon Fiber as Counter Electrode Catalyst for Efficient Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells

Synergistically Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Ni3S4–PtX (X = Fe, Ni) Heteronanorods as Heterogeneous Catalysts in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

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Synergistically Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Ni₃S₄–PtX (X = Fe, Ni) Heteronanorods as Heterogeneous Catalysts in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells