Pt and Sn Doped Sputtered CeO₂ Electrodes for Fuel Cell Applications

Abstract

The interaction of Pt with CeO2 layers was investigated by using photoelectron spectroscopy. Thirty‐nanometre‐thick Pt and Sn doped CeO2 layers were deposited simultaneously by rf‐magnetron sputtering on a Si(001) substrate and a carbon diffusion layer of a polymer membrane fuel cell by using a composite CeO2–Pt–Sn target. The laboratory XPS and synchrotron radiation soft X‐ray and hard X‐ray photoemission spectra showed the formation of cerium oxide with completely ionised Pt2+,4+ species, and with Pt4+ embedded in the film bulk. Hydrogen/air fuel cell activity measurements normalised to the amount of Pt used revealed high specific power of up to 5.4 × 104 mW mg–1 (Pt). The activity of these materials is explained by the strong activity of embedded Ptn+ cations.

Oxide-based nanomaterials for fuel cell catalysis: the interplay between supported single Pt atoms and particles

“…The thin film of the Pt-CeO 2 catalyst deposited directly on the gas diffusion layer (GDL) yielded a higher PD with respect to the reference PtRu anode catalyst despite the ten-fold lower Pt loading. 39,40 The use of double-wall (DWCNT), 40 multi-wall (MWCNT), 42 and chemical vapor deposited (CVD-CNT) 43 carbon nanotubes resulted in a further increase of PDs and SPs (see Table 1). With respect to the commercial Pt anode (Table 2a), the Pt-CeO 2 catalyst yielded an around 10 2 -fold increase of the SP.…”

“…21,[39][40][41][42][43][44] The key parameter determining the cost efficiency of the fuel cell catalyst is the specific power (SP), i.e. the power density (PD) per weight of noble metal.…”

(Invited) Photoelectron Spectroscopic Study on High-k Dielectrics Based Nanoionics-Type ReRAM Structure under Bias Operation

“…This suggests that the diffusion of Hf into the Pt anode produced Pt-Hf mixed oxide and stabilized the oxygen atoms in the negatively biased anode. According to a previous study, the rare earth-transition metal affected the valency number of Pt and induced Pt-rare earth-O bonding (22). Using HX-PES results, we revealed the relationship between the interface structures and the chemical states at the Cu/HfO 2 /Pt structure under different resistance states, and the difference from the interfacial reaction of Pt/ HfO 2 /Pt structure as illustrated in Fig.…”

Nanoporous Pt<SUP align="right">n+</SUP>–CeO<SUB align="right">x catalyst films grown on carbon substrates

“…We reported magnetron sputtering synthesised Pt-CeO 2 catalysts deposited in form of thin films on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in Vaclavu et al [7] and Matolin et al [8,9]. The catalysts exhibited entirely ionised platinum, with Pt concentration of approximately 4at% relative to a total amount of Ce and O atoms, and have been found to be very active for hydrogen splitting in a PEMFC anode.…”

“…Pt-oxide materials [1][2][3] have been reported as active catalysts for fuel cell applications. Recently, anode properties of Pt-CeO 2 have been investigated for the development of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) [4][5][6][7][8][9].…”