‘Psychoticism’ in Drug‐Users

Teasdale, John D.; Segraves, Robert; Zacune, Jim

doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1971.tb00729.x

Cited by 34 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…The other 'abnormality' scale on the EPQ (P), contributed nine out ofthe 32 items. Five of these items could be seen as a willingness to reject conventional social values (items 2,9,18,57,74). The other P items are either directly related, or could be seen as indirectly related to the use of drugs, (most obviously, item 22 which concerns drug taking, but also items 30 and 65.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Further Investigation into the Personality of Drug Addicts in Treatment

Gossop¹,

Eysenck²

1980

British Journal of Addiction

102

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Several previous studies have reported personality differences betvoeen addicts artd normal subjects. In the present investigation, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire was administered to 221 addicts at three London treatment centres, and to 310 normal subjects. An item analysis showed that a large number of items discriminated between the two groups. An 'Addiction Scale' was constructed from the 32 items on which the groups differed most, (all atp<0.001). Most ofthe A-Scale items were drawn from the Neuroticism Scale and identified feelings of anxiety and depression. It is suggested that this neurotic component may be artificially inflated. Addicts may have learned to present neurotic problems through such symptoms being rewarded in therapeutic institutions. The neurotic component seems to play a lesser role in distinguishing female addicts from controls. These and other findings are discussed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have suggested that drug dependent groups are characterised by high levels of neuroticism and psychoticism and by low levels of extraversion, [1,2]. Other studies of drug users have also suggested that personality factors of this sort may be implicated in drug use.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Further Investigation into the Personality of Drug Addicts in Treatment

Gossop¹,

Eysenck²

1980

British Journal of Addiction

102

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“…Is it true that addictive behaviour is largely determined by P, and to a smaller extent by N (neuroticism)? Early studies by Gossop (1978) and Teasdale et al (1971) showed that drug-dependent groups had typically high levels of psychoticism, together with elevated scores on neuroticism; they also had somewhat lower levels of extraversion than controls.…”

Section: Personality and Addictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addiction, Personality and Motivation

Eysenck

1997

Hum. Psychopharmacol. Clin. Exp.

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It is suggested that addictive behaviour, so called, ®ts into a psychological resource model. In other words, the habits in question are acquired because they serve a useful function for the individual, and the nature of the functions they ful®l is related to the personality pro®le of the`addict'. For some people this resource function develops into a form of addiction, and it is suggested that the reason this occurs is related to excessive dopamine functioning. This in turn is used to suggest the nature of the addictive personality. Excessive dopamine functioning is related to the personality dimension of psychoticism, and evidence is cited to the eect that psychoticism is closely related to a large number of addictions. The precise reasons for the addictive eects of dopamine are still being debated, but clearly there is a causal chain linking personality and biological factors together in the production of addictive behaviour.

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“…A second critical remark that is often made concerns the fact that high P scores can be found in criminals (Eysenck and Eysenck, 1976) and other non-psychotic persons with socially deviant behaviour, including drug addicts (Teasdale, Segraves and Zacune, 1971;Wells and Stacey, 1976) and alcoholics (Shaw, MacSweeney, Johnson and Merry, 1975). T o most critics this had proved that the EPQ-P scale could not be a valid measure of Psychoticism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 3DPT dimensions S, E, and N: A critical evaluation of Eysenck's Psychoticism model

Kampen

1993

Eur J Pers

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In this article a critical evaluation is given of Eysenck's Psychoticism model. It is argued that in this model two sub‐models can be distinguished, which, contrary to Eysenck's presentation, cannot be regarded as true extensions of each other. With respect to one of these models, the ‚genotypic’︁ P‐model, the theory is criticized in that both schizophrenia and affective psychosis are determined by a common genetic predisposition which can phenotypically manifest itself in variations of P. Instead of this theory, the likelihood is put forward that a high EPQ‐P score, albeit in combination with a high N and a low E score (and notwithstanding the fact that criminals or psychopaths can also obtain high P scores), is (only) related to the schizoid state, and hence, that P seems to be relevant either as a predisposing factor contributing to the development of schizophrenic psychosis, or as a factor on which biological relatives of schizophrenics obtain higher scores on average than normals do. In this respect, Eysenck's theory that the non‐schizoid form of psychopathy can also be found among first‐degree relatives of schizophrenics, and hence, that psychopathy and schizoidia are genetically related, is also criticized. Furthermore, it is argued that Eysenck's EPQ‐P scale is not optimal for measuring those traits of the schizoid personality which are independent of N and/or E. Both arguments regarding the contents of this scale and arguments with respect to the demonstrated lack of invariance of the EPQ‐P factor are adduced to support this statement. Thus, an alternative scale for measuring ‚P’︁ (labelled S or Insensitivity) was designed by us. The S‐scale is based on literature concerning the schizoid state and reflects the results of a series of principal components analyses of (potential) S items, together with N and E items, put into execution with the intention of investigating the invariance of the S factor (and of E and N) with respect to six sample and other parameters. These investigations were carried out on a large, representative sample of the Dutch population. Additional investigations were carried out concerning the reliability and validity of the three newly formed scales. The results of these investigations turned out to be very satisfactory or, in some respects, at least promising. Finally, in this article, comments are made on the nature of the S factor, comparing this dimension with both Eysenck's P factor and the dimensions Agreeableness and Conscientiousness, as proposed, for instance, in McCrae and Costa's version of Nor‐man's 5‐factor model. As against P, the S or Insensitivity factor seems to be only (negatively) related to Agreeableness and not to Conscientiousness. It is also argued that this finding seems to be in accord with the supposed schizoid nature of S and the criticisms levelled at Eysenck's EPQ‐P scale.

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‘Psychoticism’ in Drug‐Users

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

A Further Investigation into the Personality of Drug Addicts in Treatment

A Further Investigation into the Personality of Drug Addicts in Treatment

Addiction, Personality and Motivation

The 3DPT dimensions S, E, and N: A critical evaluation of Eysenck's Psychoticism model

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