Psychotherapy: The powerful placebo.

Wilkins, Wallace

doi:10.1037/0022-006x.52.4.570

Cited by 34 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Placebo controls make less sense when extended to psychotherapy research because the benefits of treatments and placebos depend on psychological mechanisms. Many authors in the 1980s rejected the placebo concept in psychotherapy research because it is not conceptually consistent with testing the efficacy of psychological procedures (e.g., Dush, 1986;Horvath, 1988;Wilkins, 1984).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Early response in psychotherapy: Further evidence for the importance of common factors rather than “placebo effects”

Lambert

2005

J. Clin. Psychol.

143

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Evidence is presented demonstrating that placebo control groups benefit more from psychotherapy than no-treatment control groups but less than patients who receive theory-driven treatments. Through a brief review of the results of comparative outcome studies, studies which compare patient outcomes for those seen by trainees or paraprofessionals versus professional therapists and those which show an early response of a sizable portion of patients, a case is made for the powerful effects of common factors in psychotherapy. The early response phenomenon has proposed another challenge to the unique effects of specific psychotherapies and to the wisdom of emphasizing the causative effects of specific techniques in the treatment of specific disorders.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Early response in psychotherapy: Further evidence for the importance of common factors rather than “placebo effects”

Lambert

2005

J. Clin. Psychol.

143

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“…K. Shapiro, 1971;Strupp, 1986;Thorne, 1952;White, Tursky, & Schwartz, 1985;Wilkins, 1979Wilkins, , 1984. Much of this interest has been generated by the oft-cited "dodo bird verdict" that all treatments are equally effective (Beutler, 1991;Luborsky et al, 1975;Wampold et al, 1997).…”

Section: Historical Contextmentioning

confidence: 92%

Specific and Nonspecific Treatment Factors in the Experimental Analysis of Behavioral Treatment Efficacy

2003

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Interest in the empirical demonstration of the clinical efficacy of psychosocial treatments has been rekindled by societal concerns over accountability and cost-effectiveness in the delivery of mental health services. Behavior therapy has had a long history of experimental research on treatment efficacy and enjoys a visible presence in contemporary mental health practice. The demonstration of behavioral treatment efficacy, however, requires experimental evidence that shows the efficacy of prescriptive structured procedures beyond nonspecific factors in delivery of such procedures. The authors provide an analysis of the nature of nonspecific treatment factors and nonspecific effects and suggest experimental procedures testing the incremental validity of specific treatments. They examine two widely promoted, prescriptive structured treatments to analyze the specificity of their clinical efficacy: eye movement desensitization and reprocessing for anxiety disorders and cognitive-behavioral treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. They conclude that the treatments show different levels of efficacy and different degrees of specificity.

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“…We are also aware of the importance of documenting any concurrent psychotropic medication (Rush et al, 1977;Blackburn et al, 1981;Elkin et al, 1985). Furthermore we have noted recent practice in placebo controlled trials (Shepherd, 1984;Wilkins, 1984) including waiting list conditions.…”

Section: Deconditioning Techniques Such As Implosion and Progressive mentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative trial of psychotherapy in the treatment of post‐trauma stress reactions

Thompson

Chung

Jackson

et al. 1995

Clin Psychology and Psychoth

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Forty‐two patients with post‐traumatic stress reactions were assessed 40 weeks after the traumatic event and given either an immediate (n = 29) or delayed (n = 13) eight sessions of psychotherapy. The patients in the delayed condition improved somewhat during the waiting list period, but at the end of treatment the two conditions were not significantly different. However, treatment gains were a little higher in the immediate group, with up to a 32% reduction in symptoms. There were no significant differences between therapists. The rate of improvement while under therapy was much higher than while awaiting assessment. Improvements were greatest for those with high Psychoticism and Obsessive Compulsive scores.

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Psychotherapy: The powerful placebo.

Cited by 34 publications

References 28 publications

Early response in psychotherapy: Further evidence for the importance of common factors rather than “placebo effects”

Early response in psychotherapy: Further evidence for the importance of common factors rather than “placebo effects”

Specific and Nonspecific Treatment Factors in the Experimental Analysis of Behavioral Treatment Efficacy

A comparative trial of psychotherapy in the treatment of post‐trauma stress reactions

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