Psychotherapeutic Treatment Outcomes in Grandparent‐Raised Children

Abstract

More thorough clinical assessment of these reconfigured families will lead to improved mental health outcomes for children and will enhance clinical records as sources of research data.

Grandparents Raising Grandchildren

“…Researchers have reported a variety of physical health problems in grandparent caregivers (Haglund, 2000;Leder et al, 2003;Strawbridge, Wallhagen, Shema, & Kaplan, 1997). Almost half of the grandmothers in Dowdell's (1995) study reported a serious physical problem or illness.…”

Review of research on the health of caregiving grandparents

“…Fearing for the safety of their unstable adult children, grandparents experienced increased stress and sleeplessness (Seamon 1992). Weber and Waldrop reported that grandparents were resentful and frustrated when biological parents placed their own needs above those of their children and in several studies, grandparents described the stress created by biological parents coming in and out of their children's lives (Minkler & Roe 1993, Leder et al. 2002).…”

Interventions to Improve Outcomes of Grandchildren Raised by Grandparents: A Systematic Review

“…Two randomized controlled trials (N’Zi, Stevens, & Eyberg, 2016; Smith et al, 2018) tracked grandchildren’s outcomes at three time points (pre-, post-, and follow-up) with more advanced quantitative methods (e.g., ANCOVA, repeated measure t-tests, and second-order latent change models) and examined the intervention’s short- and long-term effects on grandchildren. Among pre-experimental design studies, two studies (Dannison & Smith, 2003; Dare et al, 2020) employed qualitative methods; three studies (Campbell et al, 2012; Leder et al, 2003; Smith & Dannison, 2003) primarily used quantitative methods, such as univariate analysis, t-tests, and correlations; and one study (Littlewood et al, 2014) employed mixed-methods, which combined univariate and bivariate analyses and qualitative case studies, to evaluate outcomes of an intervention. The sample size for most studies was relatively small, ranging from 14 to 50, but three studies (Leder et al, 2003; Littlewood et al, 2014; Smith et al, 2018) had sample sizes larger than 100.…”

“…Among pre-experimental design studies, two studies (Dannison & Smith, 2003; Dare et al, 2020) employed qualitative methods; three studies (Campbell et al, 2012; Leder et al, 2003; Smith & Dannison, 2003) primarily used quantitative methods, such as univariate analysis, t-tests, and correlations; and one study (Littlewood et al, 2014) employed mixed-methods, which combined univariate and bivariate analyses and qualitative case studies, to evaluate outcomes of an intervention. The sample size for most studies was relatively small, ranging from 14 to 50, but three studies (Leder et al, 2003; Littlewood et al, 2014; Smith et al, 2018) had sample sizes larger than 100.…”

“…For two randomized control trial studies (N’zi et al, 2016; Smith et al, 2008), the Quality Assessment of Controlled Intervention Studies (14 items) was employed to examine the quality of these studies (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, n.d.). The Quality Assessment Tool for Before-After (Pre-Post) Studies with no control group (12 items; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, n.d.) was employed to assess the quality of four pre-experimental design studies with pre- and post-tests (Campbell et al, 2012; Leder, Grinstead, Jensen, Bond, & 2003; Littlewood, Strozier, & Whittington, 2014; Smith & Dannison, 2003). For the other two qualitative pre-experimental studies with one-shot case designs (Dannison & Smith, 2003; Dare, Marquis, Wenden, Gopi, & Coall, 2020), we employed a qualitative study assessment tool (7 items), which was derived from the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT; Hong et al, 2018).…”