Psychostimulant use among college students during periods of high and low stress: An interdisciplinary approach utilizing both self-report and unobtrusive chemical sample data

Moore, David R.; Burgard, Daniel A.; Larson, Ramsey G.; Ferm, Mikael S.

doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.01.021

Cited by 54 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…One of the reviewed studies found that college students who are upper classmen or live off-campus may be more likely to engage in nonmedical stimulant use 90. Additional correlates of stimulant misuse among college students have included affiliation with a Jewish religion, perceiving stimulant use as normative, and engaging in problematic weight loss strategies 100,101,115. Weight loss, however, may not be unique to college students, as adolescent prescription stimulant misusers have been found to be more likely to have an eating disorder than students who did not misuse stimulants 96.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological interventions for adolescents and adults with ADHD: stimulant and nonstimulant medications and misuse of prescription stimulants

Weyandt

Oster

Marraccini

et al. 2014

PRBM

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that cause functional impairment. Recent research indicates that symptoms persist into adulthood in the majority of cases, with prevalence estimates of approximately 5% in the school age population and 2.5%–4% in the adult population. Although students with ADHD are at greater risk for academic underachievement and psychosocial problems, increasing numbers of students with ADHD are graduating from high school and pursuing higher education. Stimulant medications are considered the first line of pharmacotherapy for individuals with ADHD, including college students. Although preliminary evidence indicates that prescription stimulants are safe and effective for college students with ADHD when used as prescribed, very few controlled studies have been conducted concerning the efficacy of prescription stimulants with college students. In addition, misuse of prescription stimulants has become a serious problem on college campuses across the US and has been recently documented in other countries as well. The purpose of the present systematic review was to investigate the efficacy of prescription stimulants for adolescents and young adults with ADHD and the nonmedical use and misuse of prescription stimulants. Results revealed that both prostimulant and stimulant medications, including lisdexamfetamine dimesylate, methylphenidate, amphetamines, and mixed-amphetamine salts, are effective at reducing ADHD symptoms in adolescents and adults with ADHD. Findings also suggest that individuals with ADHD may have higher rates of stimulant misuse than individuals without the disorder, and characteristics such as sex, race, use of illicit drugs, and academic performance are associated with misuse of stimulant medications. Results also indicate that individuals both with and without ADHD are more likely to misuse short-acting agents than long-acting agents. These findings have implications for intervention, prevention, and future research.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological interventions for adolescents and adults with ADHD: stimulant and nonstimulant medications and misuse of prescription stimulants

Weyandt

Oster

Marraccini

et al. 2014

PRBM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Procrastination is extremely prevalent that 80-95% of college students were reported to engage in procrastination (O'Brien, 2002;Rothblum, Solomon, & Murakami, 1986). Moore, Burgard, Larson, & Ferm (2014) showed that non-prescriptive psycho-stimulant use among college students increased during periods of high stress which was provoked by self-reported procrastination and poor time management. Based on the negative experiences related to procrastination, especially adolescents and adults with ADHD are prone to develop negative beliefs about the self (Steel, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperfocusing as a dimension of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Ozel-Kizil

Kokurcan

Aksoy

et al. 2016

Research in Developmental Disabilities

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“…Conners is representative of a growing concern that physicians are falsely diagnosing children and adolescents with ADHD for many reasons, including pharmaceutical companies increasingly marketing stimulants to families and physicians, and on some occasions marketing them directly to children. Schwarz (2012a) and others (Brandt et al 2014;Moore et al 2014;Smith et al 2013) have also written about another aspect of the stimulant debate-the use of stimulants as "study drugs." The most frequent users of "study drugs" are students in affluent families who attend prestigious and academically rigorous schools.…”

Section: The Broad Spectrum Of Stimulant Usementioning

confidence: 97%

Not Just “Study Drugs” for the Rich: Stimulants as Moral Tools for Creating Opportunities for Socially Disadvantaged Students

Ray

2016

The American Journal of Bioethics

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An argument in the cognitive enhancement literature is that using stimulants in populations of healthy but socially disadvantaged individuals mistakenly attributes pathology to nonpathological individuals who experience social inequalities. As the argument goes, using stimulants as cognitive-enhancing drugs to solve the social problem of poorly educated students in inadequate schools misattributes the problem as an individual medical problem, when it is really a collective sociopolitical problem. I challenge this argument on the grounds that not all types of enhancement have to be explained in medical terms, but rather at least one conception of enhancement can be explained in social terms-opportunity maintenance. Therefore, I propose that as a moral requirement we ought to explore whether stimulants could be a means of remedying underprivileged children's experiences of social inequalities that are borne from inadequate schools for the sake of increasing their chances for opportunities and well-being.

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Psychostimulant use among college students during periods of high and low stress: An interdisciplinary approach utilizing both self-report and unobtrusive chemical sample data

Cited by 54 publications

References 37 publications

Pharmacological interventions for adolescents and adults with ADHD: stimulant and nonstimulant medications and misuse of prescription stimulants

Pharmacological interventions for adolescents and adults with ADHD: stimulant and nonstimulant medications and misuse of prescription stimulants

Hyperfocusing as a dimension of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Not Just “Study Drugs” for the Rich: Stimulants as Moral Tools for Creating Opportunities for Socially Disadvantaged Students

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