Psychosocial variables associated with binge eating in obese males and females

Womble, Leslie G.; Williamson, Donald A.; Martin, Corby K.; Zucker, Nancy; Thaw, Jean M.; Netemeyer, Richard G.; Lovejoy, Jennifer C.; Greenway, Frank L.

doi:10.1002/eat.1076

Cited by 107 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This pattern of behaviours with overeating continued in the rehabilitation phase with restoration of the energy needs, and have been observed also in later studies of adolescents 11 and adults. 27 Especially in too strict diets, weight loss maintenance is poor, and subjects describe uncontrolled appetites, overeating and food binges after the diet. It is typical that people in postdieting situations eat automatically ('for no reason') but also for pleasure or control of tension.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does dieting make you fat? A twin study

et al. 2011

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Objective: To investigate whether the paradoxical weight gain associated with dieting is better related to genetic propensity to weight gain than to the weight loss episodes themselves. Subjects: Subjects included 4129 individual twins from the population-based FinnTwin16 study (90% of twins born in Finland 1975(90% of twins born in Finland -1979. Weight and height were obtained from longitudinal surveys at 16, 17, 18 and 25 years, and number of lifetime intentional weight loss (IWL) episodes of more than 5 kg at 25 years. Results: IWLs predicted accelerated weight gain and risk of overweight. The odds of becoming overweight (body mass index (BMI)X25 kg m À2 ) by 25 years were significantly greater in subjects with one (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.3-2.6, and OR 2.7, 1.7-4.3 in males and females, respectively), or two or more (OR 2.0, 1.3-3.3, and OR 5.2, 3.2-8.6, in males and females, respectively), IWLs compared with subjects with no IWL. In MZ pairs discordant for IWL, co-twins with at least one IWL were 0.4 kg m À2 (P ¼ 0.041) heavier at 25 years than their non-dieting co-twins (no differences in baseline BMIs). In DZ pairs, co-twins with IWLs gained progressively more weight than non-dieting co-twins (BMI difference 1.7 kg m À2 at 16 years and 2.2 kg m À2 at 25 years, Po0.001). Conclusion: Our results suggest that frequent IWLs reflect susceptibility to weight gain, rendering dieters prone to future weight gain. The results from the MZ pairs discordant for IWLs suggest that dieting itself may induce a small subsequent weight gain, independent of genetic factors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does dieting make you fat? A twin study

et al. 2011

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“…Studies on Weight cycling of atheletes SE Saarni et al smaller samples and intervention studies have contradictory results about the effect of weight cycling on CVD mortality and morbidity. [12][13][14] Weight cycling has also been attributed to greater weight gain and binge eating, [15][16][17][18][19] psychological stress and lower general well-being 20 and unhealthier body fat distribution. 15,21 However, Prentice et al 22 did not find any detrimental effects of weight cycling on body composition in a large African population-based study nor in an experimental prospective study of moderately obese women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weight cycling of athletes and subsequent weight gain in middleage

et al. 2006

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Objective: To study the effects of repeated cycles of weight loss and regain as young adults on long-term weight development. Design: A follow-up study with questionnaires in 1985, 1995 and 2001. Setting: Finland. Subjects: A national cohort of 1838 male elite athletes who had represented Finland in major international sport competitions in 1920-1965, including 370 men engaged in sports in which weight-related performance classes are associated with weight cycling (boxers, weight lifters and wrestlers; further called as weight cyclers), and 834 matched control men with no athletic background. Outcome measure: Weight change since the age of 20 years, body mass index (BMI) and prevalence of obesity and overweight. Results: The weight cyclers gained 5.2 BMI units from age 20 years to their maximum mean weight, which was at age 58.7 years. Corresponding figures for the controls were 4.2 BMI units at 58.5 years and for other athletes 3.3 BMI units at age 62.5 years. The proportion of obese (BMIX30 kg/m 2 ) subjects was greatest among the weight cyclers both in 1985 and 1995. In 2001, the weight cyclers were more often obese than other athletes, but did not differ from the controls. The odds ratio for the weight cyclers to be obese compared to other athletes in 1985 was 3.18 (95% confidence intervals 2.09-4.83), and compared to the controls 2.0 (1.35-2.96). The enhanced weight gain of the weight cyclers was not accounted for by present health habits (smoking, alcohol use, use of high-fat milk or physical activity) or weight at age 20 years. Conclusions: Repeated cycles of weight loss and regain appear to enhance subsequent weight gain and may predispose to obesity. Chronic dieting with weight cycling may be harmful for permanent weight control.

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“…Both restrained eating and disinhibition have been associated with weight cycling, 27,29,30 and recently the score of BES entered a path analysis of symptoms of binge eating in both gender, in strict correlation with weight cycling. 31 The major limit is the purely retrospective assessment of diet history, which cannot be used to solve the unsettled question as to whether binge eating is a cause or an effect of weight cycling. 1 Although limited by the small number of never-treated subjects, the small difference observed compared with previously treated subjects suggests that the effects of treatment on eating disorders are small or absent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weight cycling in treatment-seeking obese persons: data from the QUOVADIS study

et al. 2004

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OBJECTIVE:To determine parameters of weight history useful for the assessment of weight cycling and their association with psychological distress and binge eating. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SUBJECTS: A total of 1889 treatment-seeking obese subjects, enrolled by 25 Italian centers (78% female subject), aged 20-65 y (median 45); 1691 reported previous efforts to lose weight (median age of first dieting, 30 y). MEASUREMENTS: The number of yearly attempts to lose weight, weight gain since age 20 y, cumulative weight loss and gain were checked by a predefined structured interview. Psychological distress was tested by means of Symptom Check-List 90 (SCL-90), Binge Eating Scale (BES) and Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ). RESULTS: Differences in anthropometric, clinical and psychological parameters were observed in relation to previous attempts to lose weight. Patients in the upper quartile of parameters of weight history were considered weight cyclers. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, after correction for age, sex and BMI, a high BES score was the only factor systematically associated with a high frequency of dieting (OR, 1.70; 95% confidence interval, 1.22-2.36; P ¼ 0.022), with higher cumulative weight loss (1.42; 1.12-1.80; P ¼ 0.003) and cumulative weight gain (1.38; 1.06-1.79; P ¼ 0.017). However, the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of a high BES score were very low to detect cyclers. Weight cycling did not carry a higher risk of complicating diseases. CONCLUSIONS: Weight cycling is associated with psychological distress, and binge eating independently increases the risk, but cannot be used to predict cycling. Also, obese patients who do not experience overeating as a loss of control discontinue treatment or regain weight following therapy.

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Psychosocial variables associated with binge eating in obese males and females

Abstract: The variables that comprise these etiological models should be considered in the development of prevention programs for obese binge eaters. Longitudinal studies, however, are needed to examine these etiological paths and to test for causal relationships.

Cited by 107 publications

References 15 publications

Does dieting make you fat? A twin study

Does dieting make you fat? A twin study

Weight cycling of athletes and subsequent weight gain in middleage

Weight cycling in treatment-seeking obese persons: data from the QUOVADIS study

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