Psychosocial risk factors for the metabolic syndrome: A prospective cohort study

Pedersen, Jolene Masters; Lund, Rikke; Andersen, Ingelise; Clark, Alice; Prescott, Eva; Rod, Naja Hulvej

doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.04.076

Cited by 29 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Stressors experienced by an individual can affect the body response through activating the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and such stress reactivity has been associated with increased level of oxidative stress, which seems to accelerate cell aging [ 21 – 23 ]. Accordingly, stressful life events could have a special role in the onset and exacerbation of psychological problems, somatic disorders, and chronic illnesses, such as heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes [ 17 , 22 – 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Stressful Life Events with Psychological Problems: A Large-Scale Community-Based Study Using Grouped Outcomes Latent Factor Regression with Latent Predictors

Hassanzadeh

Heidari

Feizi

et al. 2017

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine

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Objective The current study is aimed at investigating the association between stressful life events and psychological problems in a large sample of Iranian adults. Method In a cross-sectional large-scale community-based study, 4763 Iranian adults, living in Isfahan, Iran, were investigated. Grouped outcomes latent factor regression on latent predictors was used for modeling the association of psychological problems (depression, anxiety, and psychological distress), measured by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), as the grouped outcomes, and stressful life events, measured by a self-administered stressful life events (SLEs) questionnaire, as the latent predictors. Results The results showed that the personal stressors domain has significant positive association with psychological distress (β = 0.19), anxiety (β = 0.25), depression (β = 0.15), and their collective profile score (β = 0.20), with greater associations in females (β = 0.28) than in males (β = 0.13) (all P < 0.001). In addition, in the adjusted models, the regression coefficients for the association of social stressors domain and psychological problems profile score were 0.37, 0.35, and 0.46 in total sample, males, and females, respectively (P < 0.001). Conclusion Results of our study indicated that different stressors, particularly those socioeconomic related, have an effective impact on psychological problems. It is important to consider the social and cultural background of a population for managing the stressors as an effective approach for preventing and reducing the destructive burden of psychological problems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Stressful Life Events with Psychological Problems: A Large-Scale Community-Based Study Using Grouped Outcomes Latent Factor Regression with Latent Predictors

Hassanzadeh

Heidari

Feizi

et al. 2017

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine

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“…In female samples, five studies reported that the OR decreased after controlling for covariates, while two studies reported a similar OR after controlling for covariates . However, in male samples, this pattern was not found since four studies reported an increased OR, while four studies reported a decreased OR . This finding suggests that behavioral factors might be the mediators in the stress‐metabolism relationship and sex might be a moderator in this mediation relationship.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…We identified 15 studies, which included behavioral factors as covariates and also reported the effect sizes with and without adjusting for covariates . In female samples, five studies reported that the OR decreased after controlling for covariates, while two studies reported a similar OR after controlling for covariates . However, in male samples, this pattern was not found since four studies reported an increased OR, while four studies reported a decreased OR .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between psychological stress and metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

et al. 2019

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Literature suggests that occupational stress is associated with a higher risk of metabolic syndrome; yet less is known whether other sources of stress have similar effects. This review aims to examine whether the relationship between psychological stress and metabolic syndrome differs by sources of stress. Three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL) were searched for eligible articles; metaanalyses were conducted using the random effects model. After controlling for covariates, adults in the high-stress groups had 45% higher chance of having metabolic syndrome than adults in the low-stress groups (odds ratio [OR] = 1.450; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.211-1.735; P < .001). The subsequent meta-analysis based on cross-sectional studies suggested that occupational stress showed the strongest effect (OR = 1.692; 95% CI, 1.182-2.424; P = .004), while perceived general stress showed the weakest effect (OR = 1.217; 95% CI, 1.017-1.457; P = .032).Unfortunately, there is a lack of longitudinal studies for subsequent meta-analysis based on sources of stress. There is a need for continued research to examine the long-term relationship between different sources of stress and the risk of metabolic syndrome. Traditional recommendations for preventing metabolic syndrome (eg, low-fat diet and exercise) may not achieve the best outcome if clinicians overlook patients' psychosocial stress. KEYWORDS metabolic syndrome, occupational stress, perceived stress, psychological stress 1 | INTRODUCTION About 30% of adults have metabolic syndrome worldwide. 1,2 The economic burden of metabolic syndrome is substantial. For instance, the annual medical costs for Americans with metabolic syndrome are 60% higher than those without metabolic syndrome. [3][4][5] The development of metabolic syndrome is a multifaceted continuum of metabolic dysregulation, including hyperglycemia, hypertension, visceral adiposity, and atherogenic dyslipidemia. 6 Psychological stress has been linked to metabolic syndrome for decades, but its underlying mechanism is not yet fully understood.Allostasis refers to a normal physiological process where the brain activates the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axes and stimulates adrenal glands to release stress hormones (eg, corticosteroids) and catecholamine (eg, epinephrine and norepinephrine) to combat against stressful environmental demands. 7 According to the allostatic load framework (ALF), the repeated cycles of activation and deactivation of allostasis over time, or a failure to disengage the stress response during and after each stressful life demand, could alter adults' diurnal cortisol rhythm and decrease the capacity of glucocorticoids to suppress endotoxin-stimulated cytokine production, resulting in a

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“…Chronic occupational stress is considered to be a risk factor for MetS [6–16]. A recent meta-analysis of longitudinal studies showed that work-related stress is associated with a significant increase in the pooled risk of metabolic syndrome (RR = 1.47; CI95% = 1.22–1.78) [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep problems are a strong predictor of stress-related metabolic changes in police officers. A prospective study

Garbarino

Magnavita

2019

PLoS ONE

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ObjectivePrevious studies have shown that workers chronically exposed to occupational stress have an increased risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and sleep problems (SPs). The purpose of this study was to verify whether SPs mediate the relationship between stress and MetS.MethodA 5-year prospective cohort study included 242 police officers from a rapid response unit engaged exclusively in maintaining law and order. Perceived stress levels were measured repeatedly with the demand-control-support and the effort-reward-imbalance questionnaires; insomnia symptoms were assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; excessive daytime sleepiness was measured using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. MetS and its components were evaluated at baseline and at follow-up.ResultsDuring 5-year follow-up period, 26 new cases of MetS were identified. Both occupational stress and SPs were significantly related to incident cases of MetS. Insomnia symptoms showed a highly significant association with MetS (aOR 11.038; CI95% 2.867–42.493). Mediation analysis confirmed that SPs mediate the relationship between stress and MetS.A reciprocal relationship was found between job stress and SPs. Work-related stress was a significant predictor of insomnia symptoms, short sleep duration, sleep dissatisfaction, and sleepiness. Compared to the reference group, police officers with SPs at baseline had significantly higher odds of reporting high stress at follow-up.ConclusionSPs play a mediating role in the relationship between occupational stress and MetS. Prevention of MetS must include the control of stress factors and an increase in the resilience of workers, but correct sleep hygiene is also an essential factor.

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Psychosocial risk factors for the metabolic syndrome: A prospective cohort study

Cited by 29 publications

References 29 publications

Association of Stressful Life Events with Psychological Problems: A Large-Scale Community-Based Study Using Grouped Outcomes Latent Factor Regression with Latent Predictors

Association of Stressful Life Events with Psychological Problems: A Large-Scale Community-Based Study Using Grouped Outcomes Latent Factor Regression with Latent Predictors

The association between psychological stress and metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Sleep problems are a strong predictor of stress-related metabolic changes in police officers. A prospective study

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