Psychosocial Issues in Pediatric Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Abstract

This article discusses the psychosocial issues associated with pediatric human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). Using a psychosocial model instead of the usual medical or rehabilitation model will challenge speech-language pathologists to incorporate an understanding of the psychosocial stresses that affect a child's progression through HIV/AIDS and ensure that they receive adequate consideration in a total treatment model. A case study illustrates the relationship between communication disorders and HIV/AIDS.

Parenting stress of caregivers of young children who are HIV Positive

“…20 Some authors state that the length of time a child is exposed to poverty is an important factor to take cognisance of 21 , while others argue that the timing of exposure to poverty is also important with children born into a poor household being at greater risk than those exposed to poverty at a later stage of their childhood. 22 Schor et al (2003) report that parents are central to paediatric care. The health and well-being of children is inextricably linked to their parent's physical, emotional and social health as well as their social circumstances and child rearing practices.…”

“…Caregivers are beset with constant concerns over the child's health and worries about what the future may hold, they often feel inadequate as they are unable to meet the child's needs and lack confidence in their own parenting abilities. 22,28 Linsk and Mason (2004) investigated the stresses on grandparents and other relatives caring for children affected by HIV and found that the caregivers infected with HIV themselves experienced the most stress. 29 DeMarco et al (2002) found that mothers who are HIV positive themselves tend to "silence" their own needs and attend to the needs of their children and others first.…”

“…The most vulnerable members of a community are hit hardest by this disease. 5,[22][23][24] Children in South Africa are therefore extremely vulnerable as they face exposure to both poverty and HIV.…”