Psychosocial health and its associated factors among Men who have sex with Men in India: A cross-sectional studyS

Thirunavukkarasu, B; Khandekar, Jyoti; Parasha, Mamta; Dhiman, Balraj; Yadav, Kartikey

doi:10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_18_21

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Over one-fourth of the articles (27%; n = 48) [ 95 – 142 ] reported on stigma, discrimination, violence, and their associations with physical and mental health. Among these, 16 articles focused on stigma-related aspects of LGBTQI+ health [ 96 , 100 – 102 , 109 , 110 , 112 , 114 , 119 , 124 – 126 , 129 , 132 , 137 , 140 ], 3 on violence [ 97 , 103 , 118 ], 17 on mental health and its correlates, such as quality of life [ 95 , 99 , 105 , 106 , 108 , 111 , 115 , 123 , 127 , 128 , 130 , 131 , 135 , 136 , 138 , 139 , 142 ], two on resilience [ 122 , 133 ] and one article each on coping skills [ 141 ] and promoting LGBTQI+ acceptance [ 134 ]. Three articles reported on stress [ 116 ], perceived psychological impact [ 120 ] and violence [ 121 ] associated with Section-377 of the Indian Penal Code, which until September 2018 criminalised adult consensual same-sex relationships.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies highlighted various types of stigma and discrimination experienced by MSM and TGW, which include perceived stigma, felt normative stigma, HIV-related stigma, family-enacted stigma, gender non-conformity stigma, and internalized stigma [ 96 , 100 , 101 , 109 , 124 – 126 , 129 , 132 , 138 ], gender discrimination, workplace discrimination [ 137 , 139 ] and polyvictimization [ 140 ]. Perpetrators of discrimination and violence against MSM and TGW, including those living with HIV, included peers, sexual partners, family members, healthcare providers, and police [ 98 , 102 , 103 , 109 , 112 , 118 , 119 , 129 , 130 , 137 , 139 ]. Fear of discrimination and suboptimal care [ 112 ] or refusal of care [ 109 ] prevented some persons from disclosing their sexual or gender identity to healthcare providers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fifteen studies [ 98 , 99 , 107 – 109 , 112 , 115 , 125 , 127 – 130 , 137 , 139 , 140 ] indicated that stigma and discrimination contribute to depression and other negative mental health outcomes, such as suicidal ideation or attempts, among sexual and gender minorities. Two studies documented a high prevalence of mental health issues among MSM: depression (29% to 45%), anxiety (24% to 40%), suicidal ideation (45% to 53%), suicide attempts (23%), substance abuse (28%) including alcohol dependence (15% to 22%) [ 95 , 130 ]. Similarly, among TGW, high levels of depression (43%), problematic alcohol use (37%) [ 108 ], anxiety (39%), depression (21%), suicide risk (75.8%) [ 136 ] and violence (52%) [ 139 ] were reported.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A scoping review of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI+) people’s health in India

Chakrapani

Newman

Shunmugam

et al. 2023

PLOS Glob Public Health

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Amid incremental progress in establishing an enabling legal and policy environment for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer-identified people, and people with intersex variations (LGBTQI+) in India, evidence gaps on LGBTQI+ health are of increasing concern. To that end, we conducted a scoping review to map and synthesize the current evidence base, identify research gaps, and provide recommendations for future research. We conducted a scoping review using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. We systematically searched 14 databases to identify peer-reviewed journal articles published in English language between January 1, 2010 and November 20, 2021, that reported empirical qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods data on LGBTQI+ people’s health in India. Out of 3,003 results in total, we identified 177 eligible articles; 62% used quantitative, 31% qualitative, and 7% mixed methods. The majority (55%) focused on gay and other men who have sex with men (MSM), 16% transgender women, and 14% both of these populations; 4% focused on lesbian and bisexual women, and 2% on transmasculine people. Overall, studies reported high prevalence of HIV and sexually transmitted infections; multilevel risk factors for HIV; high levels of mental health burden linked to stigma, discrimination, and violence victimization; and non-availability of gender-affirmative medical care in government hospitals. Few longitudinal studies and intervention studies were identified. Findings suggest that LGBTQI+ health research in India needs to move beyond the predominant focus on HIV, and gay men/MSM and transgender women, to include mental health and non-communicable diseases, and individuals across the LGBTQI+ spectrum. Future research should build on largely descriptive studies to include explanatory and intervention studies, beyond urban to rural sites, and examine healthcare and service needs among LGBTQI+ people across the life course. Increased Indian government funding for LGBTQI+ health research, including dedicated support and training for early career researchers, is crucial to building a comprehensive and sustainable evidence base to inform targeted health policies and programs moving forward.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A scoping review of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI+) people’s health in India

Chakrapani

Newman

Shunmugam

et al. 2023

PLOS Glob Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As a minority group discriminated by mainstream society, men who have sex with men (MSM) experience complex and multiple psychosocial challenges. The existing evidence in the literature has shown higher prevalence of psychosocial problems such as loneliness ( 1 , 2 ) and depression ( 3 , 4 ) among MSM than the general population. MSM are stigmatized due to their sexual orientation, which makes them become isolated and lonely and highly vulnerable to mental health problems ( 5 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Loneliness and depressive symptoms among men who have sex with men in China: A cross-sectional study

Liu

Yang

et al. 2023

Front. Psychiatry

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BackgroundWhile psychosocial problems and their related factors in men who have sex with men (MSM) have been well documented in developed countries, there are still not many studies addressing this issue in China and the results are inconsistent. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of loneliness and depressive symptoms among MSM, examine their associated factors, and investigate potential factors moderating the link between depressive symptoms and loneliness.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in Taizhou of Zhejiang Province in China between April and November 2021. Loneliness was assessed using the 3-item UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA-3), and depressive symptoms were measured using the Patient Health Questionaire-9 (PHQ-9). Data from 655 MSM were eligible for analysis. Logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between independent variables and the outcomes of loneliness and depression. The interaction terms were added in the models to assess the moderating effects.ResultsOf the MSM sample, 13.28 and 7.48% perceived loneliness and reported moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms, respectively. We found that participants who experienced loneliness were more likely to have younger age (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.21, 0.93, 15–32 years as reference group), low social support (OR 3.60, 95% CI 2.14, 6.04), low self-esteem (OR 3.03, 95% CI 1.45, 6.32) and moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms (OR 5.45, 95% CI 2.66, 11.15). The participants with moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms were more likely to have low self-esteem (OR 6.78, 95% CI 3.08, 14.95) and feelings of loneliness (OR 5.51, 95% CI 2.66, 11.40). Stratified analyzes showed that the magnitude of the associations between depressive symptoms and loneliness varied in MSM with different age, marital status, and self-esteem.ConclusionOur study suggests that we need to pay attention to feelings of loneliness and depressive symptoms and their closely associated factors such as social support and self-esteem among MSM in China. The MSM who were young, not married, and had low self-esteem were especially vulnerable to the impact of depressive symptoms on loneliness.

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A scoping review of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI+) people’s health in India

Chakrapani

Newman

Shunmugam

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Amid incremental progress in establishing an enabling legal and policy environment for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer-identified people, and people with intersex variations (LGBTQI+) in India, evidence gaps on LGBTQI+ health are of increasing concern. To that end, we conducted a scoping review to map and synthesize the current evidence base, identify research gaps, and provide recommendations for future research. We conducted a scoping review using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. We systematically searched 14 databases to identify peer-reviewed journal articles published in English language between January 1, 2010 and November 20, 2021, that reported empirical qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods data on LGBTQI+ people's health in India. Out of 3,003 results in total, we identified 177 eligible articles; 62% used quantitative, 31% qualitative, and 7% mixed methods. The majority (55%) focused on gay and other men who have sex with men (MSM), 16% transgender women, and 14% both of these populations; 4% focused on lesbian and bisexual women, and 2% on transmasculine people. Overall, studies reported high HIV and sexually transmitted infection prevalence; multilevel risk factors for HIV; high levels of mental health burden linked to stigma, discrimination and violence victimization; and non-availability of gender-affirmative medical services in government hospitals. Few longitudinal studies and intervention studies were identified. Overall, LGBTQI+ health research in India needs to move beyond the predominant focus on HIV, and gay men/MSM and transgender women, to include mental health and non-communicable diseases, and individuals across the LGBTQI+ spectrum. Future research should build on largely descriptive studies to include explanatory and intervention studies, beyond urban to rural sites, and examine healthcare and service needs among LGBTQI+ people across the life course. Dedicated funding and training for junior investigators conducting LGBTQI+ health research is crucial to building a comprehensive evidence base to inform health policies and programs.

show abstract

Psychosocial health and its associated factors among Men who have sex with Men in India: A cross-sectional studyS

Cited by 4 publications

References 19 publications

A scoping review of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI+) people’s health in India

A scoping review of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI+) people’s health in India

Loneliness and depressive symptoms among men who have sex with men in China: A cross-sectional study

A scoping review of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI+) people’s health in India

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