Psychosocial characteristics of oromucosal diseases in psychiatric patients: Observational study from Indian dental college

Abstract

Background:Psychiatric diseases like anxiety, depression, schizophrenia and bipolar disorders can affect the mental and physical statuses of an individual.Aim:The study was to investigate the different oromucosal diseases (OMD) in psychiatric patients and to evaluate the correlation between these OMD to severity of anxiety and depression.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study was carried out during a six-month period. Patients reporting to psychiatry department with anxiety, depression, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder as diagnosed by an experienced psychiatrist, were subjected to complete oral examination by a skilled oral diagnostician to check for OMD like oral lichen planus (OLP), aphthous stomatitis (AS) and burning mouth syndrome (BMS). During the above mentioned time interval, 1320 patients with any of the above mentioned psychiatric diseases were included in this study. Of these, 278 had anxiety, 398 had depression, 295 had schizophrenia and 349 had bipolar disorder. Equal number of individuals reported to the Oral Medicine and Radiology department for routine oral screening with no mucosal diseases were included as control group.Results:In this study, statistically significant increase in the OMD of the psychiatric patients was recorded when compared with the control group. The OMD were significantly higher in patients with anxiety (20.86%) followed by patients with depression (9.04%), schizophrenia (7.7%), bipolar disorder (7.4%) and control group (5.17%), respectively. Most prevalent OMD in patients with anxiety was AS (12%) followed by OLP (5.7%), and BMS (2.87%) respectively. Patients with moderate to severe anxiety and depression showed significantly higher prevalence of these OMD compared to the ones with mild anxiety and depression. The AS and OLP were significantly more in the younger age group (18-49 year) and BMS was higher in 50-77 year age group in both the study and control groups.Conclusion:A positive association was established between psychological alterations and OMD. Emotional alterations may act as a precipitating factor that could influence the initiation and development of different OMD. Hence, better harmonization is essential between dentist and psychiatrists for comprehensive management of psychosomatic disorders of the oral mucosa.

Síndrome de boca ardiente y factores asociados: estudio retrospectivo de casos y controles

“…La sequedad bucal junto con ciertos factores desencadenantes (psicológicos -ansiedad, depresión-; tratamientos dentales; higiene bucal deficiente; abuso de sustancias; etc.) 12 , tienden a fomentar ciertos hábitos parafuncionales como el bruxismo, la deglución repetitiva y diversos movimientos de la lengua y labios 7 . Los pacientes con SBA muestran significativamente más síntomas de depresión y ansiedad, en comparación con los sujetos sanos 10 ; esto podría explicar los hábitos parafuncionales y la asociación con el SBA hallados en nuestro estudio.…”

“…La incidencia es superior entre las personas de edades comprendidas entre 50 y 60 años, con una proporción mujeres:hombres de 3:1 y 7:1 7,8 . Esta diferencia se ha relacionado con factores biológicos, psicológicos y sociales [9][10][11][12] . Nuestro estudio fue realizado en una población de Cataluña, donde no se habían recolectado antes datos epidemiológicos de SBA.…”

“…El componente psicológico del SBA está respaldado por estudios que reportan mayores niveles de depresión y ansiedad en pacientes con dicho trastorno, en comparación con grupos control 12 . En un estudio realizado en 30 pacientes con SBA, se encontró una asociación significativa entre la alteración del gusto (sabor metálico o ácido) y la depresión 13 .…”

“…La administración de tratamientos farmacológicos, en particular clonazepam tópico, puede ayudar también a mejorar los síntomas. El apoyo psicológico constituye normalmente una ayuda 12,21 .…”

Relationship between Anxiety and Burning Mouth Syndrome of Psychiatric Outpatients

“…Anxiety can cause pathological changes in the body including the oral cavity [5].Oral lichen planus (OLP), recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), and burning mouth syndrome (BMS) can be affected by anxiety [5,6].…”