“…Acute intoxication produces typical stimulant-like effects, including increased energy, euphoria, and elevated feelings of empathy, and sociability. The 'crash' that follows involves negative affective states, such as depression, suicidal thoughts, anxiety, panic attacks, excited delirium, bouts of violent aggression towards self and others, and combativeness (Haiken, 2012;Penders and Gestring, 2011;Stevenson and Tuddenham, 2014;Stoica and Felthous, 2013;Thornton et al, 2012), that resemble a severe psychotic episode (John et al, 2014). The neurobiological mechanisms that contribute to the initial positive effects are an active area of preclinical research (Bonano et al, 2014;Watterson et al, 2012); however, factors contributing to the postreward crash are unclear.…”