Psychosis Biotypes: Replication and Validation from the B-SNIP Consortium

Clementz, Brett A.; Parker, David A.; Trotti, Rebekah; McDowell, Jennifer E.; Keedy, Sarah K.; Keshavan, Matcheri S.; Pearlson, Godfrey D.; Gershon, Elliot S.; Ivleva, Elena I.; Huang, Ling-Yu; Hill, S. Kristian; Sweeney, John A.; Thomas, Olivia; Hudgens‐Haney, Matthew E.; Gibbons, Robert D.; Tamminga, Carol A.

doi:10.1093/schbul/sbab090

Cited by 51 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…[22][23][24][25][26] Most recently, Clementz et al replicated earlier studies using a test battery that included neuropsychology, eye movements, EEG in a large cohort, and demonstrated excellent discrimination between psychosis and control populations, but none of the physiological biomarkers differentiated the psychosis subgroups. 27 In general, however, results have not shown sufficient sensitivity or specificity to be of clinical value.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye Movement Patterns Can Distinguish Schizophrenia From the Major Affective Disorders and Healthy Control Subjects

Clair

MacLennan

Beedie

et al. 2022

Schizophrenia Bulletin Open

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Background and hypothesis No objective tests are currently available to help diagnosis of major psychiatric disorders. This study evaluates the potential of eye movement behavior patterns to predict schizophrenia subjects compared to those with major affective disorders and control groups. Study Design Eye movements were recorded from a training set of UK subjects with schizophrenia (SCZ; n=120), bipolar affective disorder (BPAD; n=141), major depressive disorder (MDD; n=136) and healthy controls (CON; n=142), and from a hold-out set of 133 individuals with proportional group sizes. A German cohort of SCZ (n=60) and a Scottish cohort of CON subjects (n=184) acted as a second semi-independent test set. All patients met DSMIV and ICD10 criteria for SCZ, BPAD and MDD. Data from 98 eye movement features were extracted. We employed a gradient boosted(GB) decision tree multiclass classifier to develop a predictive model. We calculated the area under the curve (AUC) as the primary performance metric. Study results Estimates of AUC in one-versus-all comparisons were: SCZ (0.85), BPAD (0.78), MDD (0.76) and CON (0.85). Estimates on part-external validation were SCZ (0.89) and CON (0.65). In all cases, there was good specificity but only moderate sensitivity. The best individual discriminators included free viewing, fixation duration and smooth pursuit tasks. The findings appear robust to potential confounders such as age, sex, medication or mental state at the time of testing. Conclusions Eye movement patterns can discriminate schizophrenia from major mood disorders and control subjects with around 80% predictive accuracy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye Movement Patterns Can Distinguish Schizophrenia From the Major Affective Disorders and Healthy Control Subjects

Clair

MacLennan

Beedie

et al. 2022

Schizophrenia Bulletin Open

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“…Psychopathology research has diversified in various ways over the past decade. New approaches include studying common dimensions across a combination of disorders pooled together (e.g., across the psychosis spectrum; [ 1 ]); researching a particular feature within a heterogenous disorder, such as blunted reward processing in melancholic depression [ 2 ] or brain connectivity in schizophrenia [ 3 ]; carrying out research with new dependent variables, for instance, changes in striatal activity in the study of anhedonia [ 4 ]; and researching relevant variables independent of existing diagnostic classifications [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the seven pillars of RDoC

Morris

Sanislow

Pacheco

et al. 2022

BMC Med

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Background In 2013, a few years after the launch of the National Institute of Mental Health’s Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative, Cuthbert and Insel published a paper titled “Toward the future of psychiatric diagnosis: the seven pillars of RDoC.” The RDoC project is a translational research effort to encourage new ways of studying psychopathology through a focus on disruptions in normal functions (such as reward learning or attention) that are defined jointly by observable behavior and neurobiological measures. The paper outlined the principles of the RDoC research framework, including emphases on research that acquires data from multiple measurement classes to foster integrative analyses, adopts dimensional approaches, and employs novel methods for ascertaining participants and identifying valid subgroups. Discussion To mark the first decade of the RDoC initiative, we revisit the seven pillars and highlight new research findings and updates to the framework that are related to each. This reappraisal emphasizes the flexible nature of the RDoC framework and its application in diverse areas of research, new findings related to the importance of developmental trajectories within and across neurobehavioral domains, and the value of computational approaches for clarifying complex multivariate relations among behavioral and neurobiological systems. Conclusion The seven pillars of RDoC have provided a foundation that has helped to guide a surge of new studies that have examined neurobehavioral domains related to mental disorders, in the service of informing future psychiatric nosology. Building on this footing, future areas of emphasis for the RDoC project will include studying central-peripheral interactions, developing novel approaches to phenotyping for genomic studies, and identifying new targets for clinical trial research to facilitate progress in precision psychiatry.

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“…In particular, the “detachment” dimension can be considered as a vulnerability trait for negative symptoms and schizophrenia, also among the relatives of people who are affected with schizophrenia, compared to the relatives of healthy probands or probands with mood disorders [ 92 ]. Furthermore, the biotype-based architecture model was investigated with the aim to incorporate the biomarkers for differentiating individual cases by subtype [ 93 ]. The Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network for Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP1) consortium sought to identify a broad range of biomarkers encompassing the neurocognitive and physiological correlations, with the aim to distinguish the three leading psychosis diagnoses (i.e., schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar I disorder with psychosis) [ 67 ].…”

Section: The Systems Of Diagnostic Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schizophrenia: A Narrative Review of Etiopathogenetic, Diagnostic and Treatment Aspects

Orsolini¹,

Pompili²,

Volpe³

2022

JCM

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Although schizophrenia is currently conceptualized as being characterized as a syndrome that includes a collection of signs and symptoms, there is strong evidence of heterogeneous and complex underpinned etiological, etiopathogenetic, and psychopathological mechanisms, which are still under investigation. Therefore, the present viewpoint review is aimed at providing some insights into the recently investigated schizophrenia research fields in order to discuss the potential future research directions in schizophrenia research. The traditional schizophrenia construct and diagnosis were progressively revised and revisited, based on the recently emerging neurobiological, genetic, and epidemiological research. Moreover, innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are pointed to build a new construct, allowing the development of better clinical and treatment outcomes and characterization for schizophrenic individuals, considering a more patient-centered, personalized, and tailored-based dimensional approach. Further translational studies are needed in order to integrate neurobiological, genetic, and environmental studies into clinical practice and to help clinicians and researchers to understand how to redesign a new schizophrenia construct.

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Psychosis Biotypes: Replication and Validation from the B-SNIP Consortium

Cited by 51 publications

References 87 publications

Eye Movement Patterns Can Distinguish Schizophrenia From the Major Affective Disorders and Healthy Control Subjects

Eye Movement Patterns Can Distinguish Schizophrenia From the Major Affective Disorders and Healthy Control Subjects

Revisiting the seven pillars of RDoC

Schizophrenia: A Narrative Review of Etiopathogenetic, Diagnostic and Treatment Aspects

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